一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分;
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,模拟PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内;
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
4.全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量,避免环路;
5.R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M;
三、实验思路
1.IP地址规划
以192.168.1.0/24为基础网段,将其划分为多个网段
2.基础配置
设备命名:将各路由器分别命名为R1-R5。
接口IP配置:根据规划的网段,为各路由器的物理接口配置相应的IP地址。
环回接口配置:为R1-R4分别配置两个环回接口,并分配对应的IP地址,R5配置一个固定环回接口。
3.静态路由配置
为各路由器编写静态路由,使网络内各网段能够相互通信,同时尽量减少每台路由器的路由条目数量,避免出现环路。
对于R1-R4,不直接配置到达R5环回地址5.5.5.0/24的静态路由
4.缺省路由配置
在R1-R4上配置缺省路由
5.避免环路与优化
在R1-R4上分别配置指向自身环回网段的空接口路由,防止路由环路。
6.R4-R5链路配置
为R4到R5的100M链路路由设置更高的优先级(61),使1000M链路正常时作为主用链路,1000M链路故障时自动切换到100M链路.
7.连通性测试
对各路由器之间以及与R5环回地址的连通性进行测试,验证配置的正确性,确保全网可达。
四、实验步骤
1、IP地址的划分
192.168.1.0/24划分5个网段
(1)192.168.1.0000 0000----192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路
192.168.1.0000 0000--192.168.1.0/30---255.255.255.252
192.168.1.0000 0100--192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.0000 1000--192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.0000 1100--192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.0001 0000--192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.0001 0100--192.168.1.20/30
(2)192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/27----R1环回
192.168.1.0010 0000---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011 0000---192.168.1.48/28
(3)192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/27---R2环回
192.168.1.0100 0000---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101 0000---192.168.1.80/28
(4)192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/27--R3环回
192.168.1.0110 0000---192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111 0000--192.168.1.112/28
(5)192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/27--R4环回
192.168.1.1000 0000---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001 0000--192.168.1.144/28
2、配置IP地址部分
(1)改名字
<Huawei>system-view
Huaweisysname R1
<Huawei>system-view
Huaweisysname R2
<Huawei>system-view
Huaweisysname R3
<Huawei>system-view
Huaweisysname R4
<Huawei>system-view
Huaweisysname R5
2、给接口配置IP地址
R1:R1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 192.168.1.1 30
R1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.1.5 30
R2:R2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 192.168.1.2 30
R2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip add
R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.1.9 30
R3:R3interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 192.168.1.6 30
R3interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.1.13 30
R4:R4interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 192.168.1.10 30
R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0int g0/0/1
R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.1.14 30
R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1int g0/0/2
R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2ip address 192.168.1.17 30
R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2int g4/0/0
R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0ip address 192.168.1.21 30
R5:R5interface g0/0/0
R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 192.168.1.18 30
R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0int g0/0/1
R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.1.22 30
3、添加环回接口
R1:
R1int LoopBack 0
R1-LoopBack0ip address 192.168.1.33 28
R1-LoopBack0int loopback1
R1-LoopBack1ip address 192.168.1.49 28

R2:
R2interface LoopBack 0
R2-LoopBack0ip address 192.168.1.65 28
R2-LoopBack0int l1
R2-LoopBack1ip address 192.168.1.81 28

R3:
R3int l0
R3-LoopBack0ip address 192.168.1.97 28
R3-LoopBack0int l1
R3-LoopBack1ip address 192.168.1.113 28

R4:
R4interface l0
R4-LoopBack0ip address 192.168.1.129 28
R4-LoopBack0int l1
R4-LoopBack1ip address 192.168.1.145 28

R5:
R5int LoopBack 0
R5-LoopBack0ip address 5.5.5.1 24

4、编写静态路由
R1:
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
R1ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
R1display ip routing-table protocol static

R2:
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
R2ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

R3:
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
R3ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

R4:
R4ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
R4ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
R4ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
R4ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
R4ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
R4ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

R5:
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

5、测试R1-R4之间的连通性
R1:

R2:

R3:

R4:

只能实现R1-R4之间互通,无法到达R5
6、编写静态缺省
R1:
R1ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
R1ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
R2:
R2ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
R3:
R3ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
R4:
R4ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
R4ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
7、测试R1-R5的连通性,避免环路


R1:R1ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

R2:R2ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

R3:R3ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

R4:R4ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

8、R4-R5实现链路通信
R4ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
R5ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

R5int g0/0/0
R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0sh
R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0shutdown
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)0:Interface GigabitEthern
et0/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0
R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)1:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the DOWN state.
五、实验结果
