MariaDB 数据库管理

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 [root@server ~ 09:57:55]# yum install -y mariadb-server
 
 [root@client ~ 09:59:22]# yum install -y mariadb
 
 [root@server ~ 09:59:00]# systemctl enable mariadb --now
 #注册设置。。。
 [root@server ~ 10:00:40]# mysql_secure_installation
 
 [root@server ~ 10:02:15]# mysql -u root -p
 
 
 #授予所有权限给lyk，此用户可以从任意端登录
 MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to lyk@'%' identified by '123';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
 
 [root@client ~ 09:59:22]# mysql -u lyk -p123 -h server
 ERROR 2005 (HY000): Unknown MySQL server host 'server' (2)
 [root@client ~ 10:07:16]# mysql -u lyk -p123 -h 10.1.8.10
 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MariaDB connection id is 12
 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> quit
 Bye
 
 #client端编辑添加
 [root@client ~ 10:21:15]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf
 [client]
 user=lyk
 password=123
 host=10.1.8.10
 port=3306
 
 [root@client ~ 10:23:52]# mysql
 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MariaDB connection id is 16
 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
 MariaDB [(none)]>

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 [root@server ~ 10:34:19]# mysql -uroot -p123
 MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE inventory;
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 [root@server ~ 10:36:27]# rz -E
 rz waiting to receive.
 [root@server ~ 10:36:33]# ls inventory.dump 
 inventory.dump
 [root@server ~ 10:36:41]# mysql -uroot -p123 inventory < inventory.dump 
 
 [root@server ~ 10:38:16]# mysql -uroot -p123
 MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> USE inventory;

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 #查询表列表
 MariaDB [inventory]> SHOW TABLES;
 +---------------------+
 | Tables_in_inventory |
 +---------------------+
 | category            |
 | manufacturer        |
 | product             |
 +---------------------+
 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
 
 #查询表结构
 MariaDB [inventory]> DESCRIBE product;
 +-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 | Field           | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
 +-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 | id              | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
 | name            | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
 | price           | double       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
 | stock           | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
 | id_category     | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
 | id_manufacturer | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
 +-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
 #**查询表中所有记录所有字段**
 MariaDB [inventory]> select * from product;
 +----+-------------------+---------+-------+-------------+-----------------+
 | id | name              | price   | stock | id_category | id_manufacturer |
 +----+-------------------+---------+-------+-------------+-----------------+
 |  1 | ThinkServer TS140 |  539.88 |    20 |           2 |               4 |
 |  2 | ThinkServer RD630 | 2379.14 |    20 |           2 |               4 |
 |  3 | RT-AC68U          |  219.99 |    10 |           1 |               3 |
 |  4 | X110 64GB         |   73.84 |   100 |           3 |               1 |
 +----+-------------------+---------+-------+-------------+-----------------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM category;
 +----+------------+
 | id | name       |
 +----+------------+
 |  1 | Networking |
 |  2 | Servers    |
 |  3 | Ssd        |
 +----+------------+
 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM manufacturer;
 +----+----------+----------------+-------------------+
 | id | name     | seller         | phone_number      |
 +----+----------+----------------+-------------------+
 |  1 | SanDisk  | John Miller    | +1 (941) 329-8855 |
 |  2 | Kingston | Mike Taylor    | +1 (341) 375-9999 |
 |  3 | Asus     | Wilson Jackson | +1 (432) 367-8899 |
 |  4 | Lenovo   | Allen Scott    | +1 (876) 213-4439 |
 +----+----------+----------------+-------------------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
 #**查询表中所有记录特定字段**
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT name,price,stock FROM product;
 +-------------------+---------+-------+
 | name              | price   | stock |
 +-------------------+---------+-------+
 | ThinkServer TS140 |  539.88 |    20 |
 | ThinkServer RD630 | 2379.14 |    20 |
 | RT-AC68U          |  219.99 |    10 |
 | X110 64GB         |   73.84 |   100 |
 +-------------------+---------+-------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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 # 条件操作符包括：=、<>、>、<、>=、<=
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE price > 100;
 
 # BETWEEN，匹配2个数字之间（包括数字本身）的记录。
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE id BETWEEN 1 AND 3;
 
 # IN，匹配列表中记录
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE id IN (1,3);
 MariaDB [inventory]>  SELECT * FROM category WHERE name IN ('Servers','Ssd');
 
 # LIKE，用于匹配字符串。%表示一个或多个字符，_表示一个字符，[charlist]表示字符列中的任何单一字符，[^charlist]或者[!charlist]不在字符列中的任何单一字符
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE name like '%Server%';
 
 # 逻辑与AND
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE name like '%RD%' AND price>1000;
 
 # 逻辑或or
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE name like '%RD%' OR price>500;
 
 # ORDER BY 关键字用于对结果集进行排序
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product ORDER BY price;
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product ORDER BY price desc;

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 #产品类型是Servers的产品名称和价格
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT product.name,product.price
     -> FROM product,category
     -> WHERE product.id_category = category.id 
     -> AND category.name='Servers';
 
 #查询厂商是Lenovo的产品名称和价格
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT product.name,product.price
     -> FROM product,manufacturer 
     -> WHERE product.id_manufacturer = manufacturer.id
     -> AND manufacturer.name='Lenovo';

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 #查询产品价格平均值
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT avg(price) FROM product;
 
 #查询产品价格最大值
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT max(price) FROM product;
 
 #查询产品价格最小值
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT min(price) FROM product;
 
 #查询产品存量
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT sum(stock) FROM product;
 
 #查询产品价格最小值的那个产品信息
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT min(price) FROM product;
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE price=73.84;
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM product WHERE price=(SELECT min(price) FROM product);
 
 #查询Lenovo厂商提供了几种产品
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT count(product.name)
     -> FROM product,manufacturer 
     -> WHERE product.id_manufacturer = manufacturer.id
     -> AND manufacturer.name='Lenovo';
 
 #GROUP BY 语句用于结合聚合函数，根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT id_category,sum(stock) FROM product GROUP BY id_category;

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 MariaDB [inventory]> CREATE TABLE staff(
     -> id INT(11) NOT NULL,
     -> name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
     -> age INT(11)  DEFAULT 10,
     -> id_department INT(11) 
     -> );
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

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 MariaDB [inventory]> INSERT INTO staff (id,name,age,id_department)
     -> VALUES (1,'aaa',11,1111);
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [inventory]> INSERT INTO staff (id,name,age,id_department) VALUES (1,'bbb',22,2222);
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [inventory]> INSERT INTO staff (id,name,age,id_department) VALUES (1,'ccc',33,3333);
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

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 MariaDB [inventory]> UPDATE staff SET age=11 WHERE id=1;
 Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 Rows matched: 3  Changed: 2  Warnings: 0

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 MariaDB [inventory]> DELETE FROM staff WHERE id=1 ;
 Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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 MariaDB [inventory]> DROP TABLE staff ;

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 MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER lyk@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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 MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT USER();
 +---------------+
 | USER()        |
 +---------------+
 | lyk@localhost |
 +---------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 +--------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [(none)]>  USE mysql;
 ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'lyk'@'%' to database 'mysql'
 MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE inventory;
 ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'lyk'@'%' to database 'inventory'

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 [root@server ~ 13:54:14]# mysql -uroot -p
 MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR root@localhost;
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Grants for root@localhost                                                                                                              |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' WITH GRANT OPTION |
 | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION                                                                           |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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 MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT
     -> ON inventory.category
     -> TO lyk@localhost;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> exit
 Bye

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 [root@server ~ 14:01:33]# mysql -u lyk -p
 Enter password: 
 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MariaDB connection id is 30
 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> USE inventory;
 Reading table information for completion of table and column names
 You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
 Database changed
 
 MariaDB [inventory]> SELECT * FROM category;
 +----+------------+
 | id | name       |
 +----+------------+
 |  1 | Networking |
 |  2 | Servers    |
 |  3 | Ssd        |
 +----+------------+
 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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 REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT 
 ON inventory.category 
 FROM 'lyk'@'%';

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 MariaDB [(none)]>  DROP USER lyk@localhost;

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 # root用户修改普通用户账户密码
 MariaDB [(none)]> USE mysql;
 MariaDB [(mysql)]> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('mypass') WHERE user='lyk' and host=’localhost’;
 
 # 或者
 MariaDB [(none)]> SET PASSWORD FOR 'lyk'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('mypass');
 
 # 普通用户修改自己账户密码
 MariaDB [(none)]> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('mypass');
 MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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 [root@server ~]# mysql -u root
 MariaDB [(none)]> UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD('新密码') where USER='root';
 MariaDB [(none)]> exit

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 #备份
 [root@server ~ 14:46:04]# systemctl stop mariadb
 [root@server ~ 14:46:14]# ls /var/lib/mysql*
 aria_log.00000001  ibdata1      ib_logfile1  mysql
 aria_log_control   ib_logfile0  inventory    performance_schema
 [root@server ~ 14:47:53]# cp -r /var/lib/mysql{,.back}
 [root@server ~ 14:48:49]# ls /var/lib/mysql*
 /var/lib/mysql:
 aria_log.00000001  ibdata1      ib_logfile1  mysql
 aria_log_control   ib_logfile0  inventory    performance_schema
 
 /var/lib/mysql.back:
 aria_log.00000001  ibdata1      ib_logfile1  mysql
 aria_log_control   ib_logfile0  inventory    performance_schema
 
 [root@server ~ 14:48:52]# systemctl start mariadb
 [root@server ~ 14:49:48]# mysql -uroot -p123
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> drop user root@localhost;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> drop user root@127.0.0.1;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> quit

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 [root@server ~ 14:51:30]# systemctl stop mariadb
 #发现不能进入
 [root@server ~ 14:52:22]# mysql -uroot -p123
 ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
 
 #查看权限，权限不对执行以下命令
 [root@server ~ 14:53:04]# ll /var/lib/mysql/mysql
 chmod 660 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.*
 chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.*
 改为：
 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  10630 8月   8 14:52 user.frm
 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    532 8月   8 14:52 user.MYD
 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   2048 8月   8 14:52 user.MYI
 
 #重启查看服务
 [root@server ~ 14:53:09]# systemctl start mariadb
 [root@server ~ 14:54:54]# mysql -uroot -p123
 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MariaDB connection id is 2
 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
 MariaDB [(none)]>

MariaDB 数据库管理

表操作

MariaDB 中 SQL

查询表

WHERE子句

多表查询

函数

创建表

插入记录

更新记录

删除记录

删除表

管理 MariaDB 用户

创建用户账户

控制用户权限

查询用户权限(root权限)

授予用户权限(root下执行)

验证权限

回收用户权限

删除用户

更改用户密码

忘记 root 用户密码

执行备份

执行物理备份

恢复