SpringBoot使用TraceId日志链路追踪

业务需求

保证一次服务调用，在业务中可以一次追查到本次服务调用涉及的本地服务方法，第三方服务接口。实现日志的链路追踪。保证日志的高查找性。

实现步骤

1、pom.xml 依赖

复制代码

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--lombok配置-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.16.10</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2、整合logback，打印日志，logback.xml (日志配置文件)

关键代码：[traceId:%X{traceId}]，traceId是通过拦截器里MDC.put(traceId, tid)添加。

复制代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration debug="false">
    <!--日志存储路径-->
    <property name="log" value="D:/test/log" />
    <!-- 控制台输出 -->
    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <!--输出格式化-->
            <pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}]  %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 按天生成日志文件 -->
    <appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--日志文件名-->
            <FileNamePattern>${log}/%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern>
            <!--保留天数-->
            <MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}]  %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <!--日志文件最大的大小-->
        <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
            <MaxFileSize>10MB</MaxFileSize>
        </triggeringPolicy>
    </appender>
 
    <!-- 日志输出级别 -->
    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="console" />
        <appender-ref ref="file" />
    </root>
</configuration>

3、application.yml指定logback.xml配置目录

复制代码

logging:
  config: classpath:logback.xml

4、异步线程的跟踪ID链路追踪

业务逻辑是基于线程数据的传递进行处理，主线程传递线程ID到子线程。处理方式：重写线程池的execute（*）、submit（*）方法。

复制代码

public final class MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {
    public MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor() {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable task) {
        super.execute(TraceIdUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
    }


    @Override
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        return super.submit(TraceIdUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
    }

    @Override
    public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
        return super.submit(TraceIdUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
    }
}

4、异步定时任务线程接口ScheduledExecutorService的日志链路追踪。在执行前，执行后进行跟踪ID的生成和删除。

复制代码

 @Bean(name = "scheduledExecutorService")
    protected ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService() {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize,
                new BasicThreadFactory.Builder().namingPattern("schedule-pool-%d").daemon(true).build(),
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()) {
            @Override
            protected void beforeExecute(Thread thread, Runnable runnable) {
                super.beforeExecute(thread, runnable);
                // 为定时任务生成一个 traceId
                TraceIdUtil.setTraceId();
                // 可选：添加任务标识
                System.out.println("Scheduled task starting with traceId: " + TraceIdUtil.getTraceId());
            }

            @Override
            protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
                super.afterExecute(r, t);
                Threads.printException(r, t);
                TraceIdUtil.remove();
            }
        };
    }

注：萌新一枚，该博客用于记录所学知识，如有不对的地方，请及时指教，谢谢各位。

2025-10-20 15:46:36