Redis Cluster 通过多种机制来实现高容错性，包括主从复制、自动故障转移和Gossip协议。这些机制确保即使在节点发生故障时，集群仍然能继续运行并提供服务。以下是详细的解释，并结合Java代码示例来说明其实现。
1. 主从复制（Master-Slave Replication）
主从复制是Redis Cluster最基础的高容错机制。每个主节点可以有一个或多个从节点，这些从节点复制主节点的数据。当主节点发生故障时，从节点可以接管其角色。
代码示例
java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
class ClusterNode {
String name;
String ip;
int port;
boolean isMaster;
ClusterNode master;
ClusterNode(String name, String ip, int port, boolean isMaster, ClusterNode master) {
this.name = name;
this.ip = ip;
this.port = port;
this.isMaster = isMaster;
this.master = master;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Node " + name + ": " + ip + ":" + port + ", Role: " + (isMaster ? "Master" : "Slave");
}
}
class Cluster {
List<ClusterNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>();
void addNode(String name, String ip, int port, boolean isMaster, ClusterNode master) {
nodes.add(new ClusterNode(name, ip, port, isMaster, master));
}
void printNodes() {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
System.out.println(node);
}
}
}
public class RedisClusterDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cluster cluster = new Cluster();
ClusterNode master1 = new ClusterNode("master1", "192.168.1.1", 6379, true, null);
cluster.addNode(master1.name, master1.ip, master1.port, master1.isMaster, master1.master);
cluster.addNode("slave1", "192.168.1.2", 6379, false, master1);
cluster.printNodes();
}
}2. 自动故障转移（Automatic Failover）
当主节点发生故障时，从节点会被提升为主节点。这个机制需要其他节点的协作，以保证集群的一致性和数据的完整性。
代码示例
java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
class ClusterNode {
String name;
String ip;
int port;
boolean isMaster;
ClusterNode master;
long lastHeartbeat;
boolean isFailed;
ClusterNode(String name, String ip, int port, boolean isMaster, ClusterNode master) {
this.name = name;
this.ip = ip;
this.port = port;
this.isMaster = isMaster;
this.master = master;
this.lastHeartbeat = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.isFailed = false;
}
void sendHeartbeat() {
System.out.println("Sending heartbeat to node " + name);
lastHeartbeat = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
void checkHeartbeat() {
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (now - lastHeartbeat > 3000) { // 3 seconds timeout
System.out.println("Node " + name + " is not responding");
isFailed = true;
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Node " + name + ": " + ip + ":" + port + ", Role: " + (isMaster ? "Master" : "Slave");
}
}
class Cluster {
List<ClusterNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>();
void addNode(String name, String ip, int port, boolean isMaster, ClusterNode master) {
nodes.add(new ClusterNode(name, ip, port, isMaster, master));
}
void handleFailover() {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
if (node.isMaster && node.isFailed) {
for (ClusterNode slave : nodes) {
if (slave.master == node) {
System.out.println("Failover: promoting slave node " + slave.name + " to master");
slave.isMaster = true;
slave.master = null;
node.isMaster = false;
return;
}
}
}
}
}
void simulateCluster() {
Timer timer = new Timer(true);
TimerTask task = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
if (node.isMaster && !node.isFailed) {
node.sendHeartbeat();
} else {
node.checkHeartbeat();
if (node.isFailed && node.isMaster) {
handleFailover();
}
}
}
}
};
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0, 1000);
}
void printNodes() {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
System.out.println(node);
}
}
}
public class RedisClusterDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Cluster cluster = new Cluster();
ClusterNode master1 = new ClusterNode("master1", "192.168.1.1", 6379, true, null);
cluster.addNode(master1.name, master1.ip, master1.port, master1.isMaster, master1.master);
cluster.addNode("slave1", "192.168.1.2", 6379, false, master1);
cluster.addNode("slave2", "192.168.1.3", 6379, false, master1);
cluster.printNodes();
cluster.simulateCluster();
// Simulate a failure of the master after 10 seconds
Thread.sleep(10000);
master1.isFailed = true;
// Keep the main thread alive to see the failover in action
Thread.sleep(20000);
}
}3. Gossip 协议
Gossip 协议用于节点之间交换状态信息，确保整个集群对节点状态的一致性认识。每个节点会定期向其他节点发送和接收状态信息。
代码示例
java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
class ClusterNode {
String name;
String ip;
int port;
boolean isMaster;
ClusterNode master;
long lastHeartbeat;
boolean isFailed;
ClusterNode(String name, String ip, int port, boolean isMaster, ClusterNode master) {
this.name = name;
this.ip = ip;
this.port = port;
this.isMaster = isMaster;
this.master = master;
this.lastHeartbeat = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.isFailed = false;
}
void sendHeartbeat() {
System.out.println("Sending heartbeat from node " + name);
lastHeartbeat = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
void receiveHeartbeat() {
System.out.println("Received heartbeat at node " + name);
lastHeartbeat = System.currentTimeMillis();
isFailed = false;
}
void checkHeartbeat() {
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (now - lastHeartbeat > 3000) { // 3 seconds timeout
System.out.println("Node " + name + " is not responding");
isFailed = true;
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Node " + name + ": " + ip + ":" + port + ", Role: " + (isMaster ? "Master" : "Slave");
}
}
class Cluster {
List<ClusterNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>();
void addNode(String name, String ip, int port, boolean isMaster, ClusterNode master) {
nodes.add(new ClusterNode(name, ip, port, isMaster, master));
}
void handleFailover(ClusterNode failedNode) {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
if (node.master == failedNode && !node.isFailed) {
System.out.println("Failover: promoting slave node " + node.name + " to master");
node.isMaster = true;
node.master = null;
failedNode.isMaster = false;
return;
}
}
}
void gossip() {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
if (!node.isFailed) {
for (ClusterNode peer : nodes) {
if (peer != node) {
peer.receiveHeartbeat();
}
}
} else {
handleFailover(node);
}
}
}
void simulateCluster() {
Timer timer = new Timer(true);
TimerTask heartbeatTask = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
if (!node.isFailed) {
node.sendHeartbeat();
}
}
}
};
TimerTask gossipTask = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
gossip();
}
};
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(heartbeatTask, 0, 1000);
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(gossipTask, 0, 1000);
}
void printNodes() {
for (ClusterNode node : nodes) {
System.out.println(node);
}
}
}