安装xorriso
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ sudo apt-get install xorriso查看光驱信息
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 58.5M 0 rom /media/yeqiang/11_25_2025
nvme0n1 259:0 0 477G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 2G 0 part /boot
├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 100G 0 part /
├─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 53G 0 part
├─nvme0n1p5 259:5 0 312.3G 0 part /data
└─nvme0n1p6 259:6 0 9.1G 0 part [SWAP]
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ xorriso -dev /dev/sr0 -toc
xorriso 1.5.2 : RockRidge filesystem manipulator, libburnia project.
xorriso : NOTE : Loading ISO image tree from LBA 23564
xorriso : UPDATE : 4 nodes read in 1 seconds
Drive current: -dev '/dev/sr0'
Media current: CD-R
Media status : is written , is appendable
Media summary: 3 sessions, 11624 data blocks, 22.7m data, 631m free
Volume id : '11_25_2025'
Drive current: -dev '/dev/sr0'
Drive access : exclusive:unrestricted
Drive type : vendor 'Slimtype' product 'DVD A DU8AENH' revision 'JP5M'
Drive id : '3734508399 436238505422 '
Media current: CD-R
Media product: 97m15s17f/79m59s70f , Ritek Corp
Media status : is written , is appendable
Media blocks : 29922 readable , 323019 writable , 359843 overall
TOC layout : Idx , sbsector , Size , Volume Id
ISO session : 1 , 0 , 3207s , 11_25_2025
ISO session : 2 , 15040 , 1208s , 11_25_2025
ISO session : 3 , 23564 , 6358s , 11_25_2025
Media summary: 3 sessions, 11624 data blocks, 22.7m data, 631m free
Media nwa : 36824s
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ 从 xorriso -dev /dev/sr0 -toc 的输出来看，当前插入的光盘是 CD-R（不是 DVD+R），但它是 可追加写入（appendable） 的。
关键信息分析
光盘类型：CD-R（不是 DVD，所以 dvd+rw-mediainfo 无法识别）。
状态：is written, is appendable（已写入，但可以追加数据）。
剩余空间：631m free（约 631MB 可用）。
已有会话：3 个会话（sessions），最新数据在 session 3。
卷标：11_25_2025（与 lsblk 显示的挂载点一致）。
卸载光驱
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ sudo umount /dev/sr0
输入密码添加文件到光盘
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ xorriso -dev /dev/sr0 -joliet on -rockridge on -compliance iso_9660_level=3 -map ~/Downloads/calico-crds.yaml /calico-crds2.yaml -commit
xorriso 1.5.2 : RockRidge filesystem manipulator, libburnia project.
xorriso : NOTE : Loading ISO image tree from LBA 11700
xorriso : UPDATE : 2 nodes read in 1 seconds
Drive current: -dev '/dev/sr0'
Media current: CD-R
Media status : is written , is appendable
Media summary: 2 sessions, 1114 data blocks, 2228k data, 665m free
Volume id : 'ISOIMAGE'
xorriso : UPDATE : 1 files added in 1 seconds
Added to ISO image: file '/calico-crds2.yaml'='/home/yeqiang/Downloads/calico-crds.yaml'
xorriso : NOTE : Expanded track to minimum size of 300 sectors
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 16s 5.3% fifo 5% buf 100%
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 16s 5.3% fifo 5% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 16s 5.3% fifo 5% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 224s 74.7% fifo 0% buf 80% 2.8xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 224s 74.7% fifo 0% buf 80% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 224s 74.7% fifo 0% buf 80% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 224s 74.7% fifo 0% buf 80% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 224s 74.7% fifo 0% buf 80% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 1.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 13 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 14 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 15 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 16 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 17 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 18 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 19 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 20 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 21 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 22 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Closing track/session. Working since 23 seconds
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 24 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 25 seconds.
ISO image produced: 135 sectors
Written to medium : 300 sectors at LBA 19414
Writing to '/dev/sr0' completed successfully.
xorriso : NOTE : Re-assessing -outdev '/dev/sr0'
xorriso : NOTE : Loading ISO image tree from LBA 19414
xorriso : UPDATE : 3 nodes read in 1 seconds
Drive current: -dev '/dev/sr0'
Media current: CD-R
Media status : is written , is appendable
Media summary: 3 sessions, 1416 data blocks, 2832k data, 651m free
Volume id : 'ISOIMAGE'弹出光驱
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ eject /dev/sr0
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ 重新插入后，查看内容
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:/media/yeqiang/11_25_2025$ ls -l | grep calico
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yeqiang yeqiang 221064 12月 9 08:35 calico-crds.yaml
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:/media/yeqiang/11_25_2025$ head calico-crds.yaml
# CustomResourceDefinitions for Calico the Hard Way
---
# Source: crds/crd.projectcalico.org_bgpconfigurations.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
name: bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org
spec:
group: crd.projectcalico.org
names:该方案在linux平台验证成功。
关于windows平台兼容性，如果windows 11操作系统不可见!
使用一张新的CD-R光盘，刻录内容
bash
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ xorriso -dev /dev/sr0 -joliet on -rockridge on -compliance iso_9660_level=3 -map ~/Downloads/calico-crds.yaml /calico-crds.yaml -commit
xorriso 1.5.2 : RockRidge filesystem manipulator, libburnia project.
Drive current: -dev '/dev/sr0'
Media current: CD-R
Media status : is blank
Media summary: 0 sessions, 0 data blocks, 0 data, 703m free
xorriso : UPDATE : 1 files added in 1 seconds
Added to ISO image: file '/calico-crds.yaml'='/home/yeqiang/Downloads/calico-crds.yaml'
xorriso : NOTE : Expanded track to minimum size of 300 sectors
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 0 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 1 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 2 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 3 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 4 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 5 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 6 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 7 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 8 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 9 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 10 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 11 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 12 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 1.1xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 80s 26.7% fifo 2% buf 90% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 2.9xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Writing: 300s 100.0% fifo 0% buf 100% 0.0xC
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 40 seconds.
xorriso : UPDATE : Thank you for being patient. Working since 41 seconds.
libburn : NOTE : WRITE command repetition happened 575 times
ISO image produced: 141 sectors
Written to medium : 300 sectors at LBA 0
Writing to '/dev/sr0' completed successfully.
xorriso : NOTE : Re-assessing -outdev '/dev/sr0'
xorriso : NOTE : Loading ISO image tree from LBA 0
xorriso : UPDATE : 1 nodes read in 1 seconds
Drive current: -dev '/dev/sr0'
Media current: CD-R
Media status : is written , is appendable
Media summary: 1 session, 300 data blocks, 600k data, 680m free
Volume id : 'ISOIMAGE'
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ eject /dev/sr0
yeqiang@yeqiang-pc:~$ windows 11 可以识别。
附：为什么Windows和Linux都能识别？
三重文件系统共存
ISO 9660基础层（1988标准）
所有系统都支持
文件名限制：8.3格式（8字符.3扩展）
Joliet扩展层（Microsoft开发）
Windows原生支持
macOS、Linux通过驱动支持
提供Unicode和长文件名
Rock Ridge扩展层（Unix开发）
Linux/Unix原生支持
提供Unix文件属性
关键参数
- 文件系统扩展
text
-joliet on
启用Joliet扩展，这是Windows兼容性关键
允许使用Unicode字符（支持中文文件名）
支持长文件名（最大64字符）
text
-rockridge on
启用Rock Ridge扩展，这是Linux/Unix兼容性关键
支持POSIX文件属性（权限、符号链接等）
支持长文件名和深层目录结构
- ISO 9660兼容性级别
text
-compliance iso_9660_level=3
Level 1: 8.3文件名，只包含A-Z、0-9、下划线
Level 2: 允许31字符文件名
Level 3: 允许文件分段和不连续存储（支持多会话）
Level 4: 扩展属性（很少使用）
使用level=3确保了多会话写入的兼容性。
附：. 关闭光盘（不可再写入）
bash
# 关闭光盘，提高兼容性
xorriso -dev /dev/sr0 -close_disc