如何在RHEL系Linux上创建一个本地 YUM 仓库来管理 HAProxy 软件及其依赖项？

如何在RHEL系Linux上创建一个本地 YUM 仓库来管理 HAProxy 软件及其依赖项？

# CentOS/RHEL
yum  -y install yum-utils createrepo    

# yum info yum-utils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Excluding 1 update due to versionlock (use "yum versionlock status" to show it)
Installed Packages
Name        : yum-utils
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 1.1.31
Release     : 54.el7_8
Size        : 337 k
Repo        : installed
From repo   : anaconda
Summary     : Utilities based around the yum package manager
URL         : http://yum.baseurl.org/download/yum-utils/
License     : GPLv2+
Description : yum-utils is a collection of utilities and examples for the yum package
            : manager. It includes utilities by different authors that make yum easier and
            : more powerful to use. These tools include: debuginfo-install,
            : find-repos-of-install, needs-restarting, package-cleanup, repoclosure,
            : repodiff, repo-graph, repomanage, repoquery, repo-rss, reposync,
            : repotrack, show-installed, show-changed-rco, verifytree, yumdownloader,
            : yum-builddep, yum-complete-transaction, yum-config-manager, yum-debug-dump,
            : yum-debug-restore and yum-groups-manager.

# yum info createrepo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Excluding 1 update due to versionlock (use "yum versionlock status" to show it)
Installed Packages
Name        : createrepo
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 0.9.9
Release     : 28.el7
Size        : 302 k
Repo        : installed
From repo   : base
Summary     : Creates a common metadata repository
URL         : http://createrepo.baseurl.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : This utility will generate a common metadata repository from a directory of rpm
            : packages.

mkdir  -p  haproxy-deps

repotrack haproxy -p  haproxy-deps/

createrepo  -v   haproxy-deps/

# repotrack  --help
Usage:
    Repotrack: keep current on any given pkg and its deps. It will download the package(s) you
               want to track and all of their dependencies

    /usr/bin/repotrack [options] package1 [package2] [package..]

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -c CONFIG, --config=CONFIG
                        config file to use (defaults to /etc/yum.conf)
  -a ARCH, --arch=ARCH  check as if running the specified arch (default:
                        current arch)
  -r REPOID, --repoid=REPOID
                        specify repo ids to query, can be specified multiple
                        times (default is all enabled)
  --repofrompath=REPOFROMPATH
                        specify repoid & paths of additional repositories -
                        unique repoid and complete path required, can be
                        specified multiple times. Example:
                        --repofrompath=myrepo,/path/to/repo
  -t, --tempcache       Use a temp dir for storing/accessing yum-cache
  -p DESTDIR, --download_path=DESTDIR
                        Path to download packages to
  -u, --urls            Just list urls of what would be downloaded, don't
                        download
  -n, --newest          Toggle downloading only the newest packages(defaults
                        to newest-only)
  -q, --quiet           Output as little as possible

# createrepo  --help
Usage: genpkgmetadata.py [options]

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -q, --quiet           output nothing except for serious errors
  -v, --verbose         output more debugging info.
  --profile             output timing/profile info.
  -x EXCLUDES, --excludes=EXCLUDES
                        files to exclude
  --basedir=BASEDIR     basedir for path to directories
  -u BASEURL, --baseurl=BASEURL
                        baseurl to append on all files
  -g GROUPFILE, --groupfile=GROUPFILE
                        path to groupfile to include in metadata
  -s SUMTYPE, --checksum=SUMTYPE
                        specify the checksum type to use (default: sha256)
  -p, --pretty          make sure all xml generated is formatted
  -c CACHEDIR, --cachedir=CACHEDIR
                        set path to cache dir
  -C, --checkts         check timestamps on files vs the metadata to see if we
                        need to update
  -d, --database        create sqlite database files: now default, see --no-
                        database to disable
  --no-database         do not create sqlite dbs of metadata
  --update              use the existing repodata to speed up creation of new
  --update-md-path=UPDATE_MD_PATH
                        use the existing repodata  for --update from this path
  --skip-stat           skip the stat() call on a --update, assumes if the
                        filename is the same then the file is still the same
                        (only use this if you're fairly trusting or gullible)
  --split               generate split media
  -i PKGLIST, --pkglist=PKGLIST
                        use only the files listed in this file from the
                        directory specified
  -n INCLUDEPKG, --includepkg=INCLUDEPKG
                        add this pkg to the list - can be specified multiple
                        times
  -o OUTPUTDIR, --outputdir=OUTPUTDIR
                        <dir> = optional directory to output to
  -S, --skip-symlinks   ignore symlinks of packages
  --changelog-limit=CHANGELOG_LIMIT
                        only import the last N changelog entries
  --unique-md-filenames
                        include the file's checksum in the filename, helps
                        with proxies (default)
  --simple-md-filenames
                        do not include the file's checksum in the filename
  --retain-old-md=RETAIN_OLD_MD
                        keep around the latest (by timestamp) N copies of the
                        old repodata
  --distro=DISTRO       distro tag and optional cpeid:
                        --distro'cpeid,textname'
  --content=CONTENT_TAGS
                        tags for the content in the repository
  --repo=REPO_TAGS      tags to describe the repository itself
  --revision=REVISION   user-specified revision for this repository
  --deltas              create delta rpms and metadata
  --oldpackagedirs=OLDPACKAGE_PATHS
                        paths to look for older pkgs to delta against
  --num-deltas=NUM_DELTAS
                        the number of older versions to make deltas against
  --read-pkgs-list=READ_PKGS_LIST
                        output the paths to the pkgs actually read useful with
                        --update
  --max-delta-rpm-size=MAX_DELTA_RPM_SIZE
                        max size of an rpm that to run deltarpm against (in
                        bytes)
  --workers=WORKERS     number of workers to spawn to read rpms
  --compress-type=COMPRESS_TYPE
                        which compression type to use

这些命令是在 Linux 系统上创建一个本地 YUM 仓库来管理 HAProxy 软件及其依赖项的完整流程。

下面是对每个命令及其作用的详细解释：

---

1. mkdir -p haproxy-deps

• 作用：创建一个目录用于存放 HAProxy 及其依赖包。
• -p 参数表示如果目录不存在则创建，如果已存在也不会报错。
• 这里创建了一个名为 haproxy-deps 的目录，后续所有文件都会保存在这里。

---

2. repotrack haproxy -p haproxy-deps/

• 作用：下载 HAProxy 及其所有依赖包到指定目录。
• repotrack 是一个工具，用于递归下载一个软件包及其所有依赖项。
• haproxy 指定要下载的软件包名称。
• -p haproxy-deps/ 指定下载的目标目录（即上一步创建的目录）。
• 关键点：
• 会从配置的 YUM 仓库（如 CentOS-Base、EPEL 等）拉取 RPM 包。
• 包含 HAProxy 运行时需要的所有依赖（如 OpenSSL、PCRE 等），适合离线环境使用。

---

3. createrepo -v haproxy-deps/

• 作用：为下载的 RPM 包创建 YUM 仓库元数据。
• createrepo 是生成 YUM 仓库元数据的工具，使目录成为可被 yum 或 dnf 识别的仓库。
• -v 表示输出详细日志（verbose）。
• haproxy-deps/ 是包含 RPM 包的目录路径。
• 生成的文件：
• repodata/ 子目录，内含 primary.xml、filelists.xml 等元数据文件。
• 这些文件帮助 YUM 快速解析包之间的依赖关系。

---

整体流程的意义

1. 离线部署：将 HAProxy 及其依赖集中下载到本地，便于在没有互联网连接的环境中安装。
2. 版本控制：固定软件版本，避免因网络仓库更新导致版本不一致。
3. 批量部署：可在多台机器上通过配置本地 YUM 源快速安装相同的环境。

---

补充说明

• 依赖工具安装：
• 如果系统没有 repotrack 或 createrepo，需先安装：

yum install yum-utils createrepo# CentOS/RHEL
dnf install dnf-utils createrepo# Fedora/RHEL 8+

• 使用本地仓库：

1. 将 haproxy-deps 目录复制到目标机器。
2. 创建 YUM 源配置文件（如 /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo）：

[local-haproxy]
name=Local HAProxy Repository
baseurl=file:///path/to/haproxy-deps
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

3. 安装 HAProxy：

yum -y install haproxy

• 替代方案：
• 如果只需下载单个包（不递归依赖），可用 yumdownloader：

yumdownloader haproxy --destdir=haproxy-deps

通过以上步骤，你构建了一个完整的本地 YUM 仓库，便于管理和分发 HAProxy 软件。