目录
[方法状态的副词(adverbs of manner)](#方法状态的副词(adverbs of manner))
[频率副词(adverbs of frenquency)](#频率副词(adverbs of frenquency))
[强调范围的副词(focusing adverbs)](#强调范围的副词(focusing adverbs))
[程度副词(adverbs of degree)](#程度副词(adverbs of degree))
副词,修饰动词 、形容词 与副词的修饰语,有的副词可修饰名词
种类与位置
方法状态的副词(adverbs of manner)
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修饰动词
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放在动词前或后 ,放 在动词后面时如果动词后面有宾语、补语 等元素时放在这些词后面
S+V (主语+谓语)
The dog barkedfuriouslyat the mailman.狗冲着邮差叫得很凶。(动词前)
The dog furiously barked at the mailman(动词后)
S+V+C(主 + 谓 + 补语)
He stayed single reluctantly.他很不情愿地维持单身。(被挤到补语single后面了)
He ++stayed reluctantly single++ .(不佳)不清楚副词reluctantly修饰的是stayed还是single
He reluctantly stayed single(动词前)
S+V+O(主 + 谓 + 宾)
He harassed the girl openly.
他公开骚扰那个女孩(openly修饰harassed,有补语放到补语the girl 后面)
He openly harassed the girl.(动词前)
He harassed the girl sitting at the counter.
受词the girl 后面有一个分词片语 sitting at the counter.是who was sitting at the counter 的简化
He ++harassed++ the girl ++sitting++ at the counter ++openly++ .(不佳)
不知道修饰的是harassed还是sitting[公开骚扰]还是[公开坐在柜台],模棱两可
He harassed the girl openly sitting at the counter. 此时openly修饰的sitting,公开坐在柜台
He openly harassed the girl sitting at the counter.(公开骚扰)
S+V+O+O(主 + 谓 + 双宾语)
His father bought him a car generously.
他父亲很大方地买了辆车给他。(被挤到双宾语后面了)
His father generously bought him a car.(动词前)
The student politely asked the speaker a question.学生很有礼貌地问了演说人一个问题(动词前)
The student asked the speaker a question politely.(被挤到双宾语后面了)
S+V+O+C(主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补语)
I consider you a member of the family proudly.
我很骄傲地视你为自己家人(被挤到宾语和补语后面)
I proudly consider you a member of the family.
频率副词(adverbs of frenquency)
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always, frequently, usually , often, seldom, hardly, never...
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用于修饰动作发生的频率,修饰动词
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放在普通动词前面 ,be动词与助动词后面 ,或句首 或句尾
I usually get up very early.我通常起得很早(普通动词get up前 )
His jokes are often not funny at all. 他说的笑话常常根本不好笑。(be动词后)
I have never seen this man before.(助动词have后,修饰have seen)
Occasionally I spend a whole day in the multiplex.
偶尔我会在多厅电影院带上一整天。(动词spend 前)
Seldom does he leave the office before seven. 他很少会在七点之前下班。
(leave前,但移动到句首加强语气,所以加上助动词does成为倒装句。)
如果把具有否定意味的频率副词移到句首 、用来加强语气 ,就必须采用倒装句法!!!
强调范围的副词(focusing adverbs)
- 可修饰任何词类(不论是名词、动词、形容词还是副词)
John saw the boss yesterday. 约翰昨天见到了老板
句子中的每一个元素都可以用only修饰
Only John saw the boss yesterday.
只有约翰昨天见到了老板。(修饰名词John)
John only saw the boss yesterday.
约翰昨天只是见到了老板。(修饰动词saw)[可能是并没有能够和老板谈话]
John saw only the boss yesterday.
约翰昨天见到的只有老板一人。(修饰名词片语the boss)[并没有见到别人]
John saw the boss only yesterday.
约翰到昨天才见到了老板。(修饰时间副词yesterday)
加强语气的副词(intensifiers)
- 可修饰任何词类(不论是名词、动词、形容词还是副词)
You are absolutely a genius! 你绝对是个天才!(修饰名词片语a genius)
The test is extremely difficult. 这种考试极为困难。(修饰形容词)
Your hair badly needs cutting. 你的头发急需修建。(修饰动词need)
Time passed amazingly fast. 时间过得快的惊人。(修饰副词fast)
程度副词(adverbs of degree)
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可修饰任何词类(不论是名词、动词、形容词还是副词)
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与加强语气副词的区别
The test is extremely difficult.
The test is difficult
The plan almost failed.计划差一点就要失败
程度副词 almost代表相当高、将近百分之百、只差一点点的程度
The plan failed.计划失败了
Your son is quite a man now.你儿子现在差不多是个大男人了。(quite表示[颇高]的程度,修饰名词片语a man)
I barely know John. 约翰这个人我算不上认识。
(barely 表示[非常低]的程度,修饰动词know)
He plays the piano rather well.他钢琴弹得还算好。
(rather表示[还算高]的程度,修饰副词well)
That is a fairly long story.
那是一个蛮长的故事。(fairly 表示[颇高]的程度,修饰形容词long)
连接副词(conjucts)
- 意思和对等连接词and、or、but类似,但缺乏连接词的功能。亦即,连接副词可以用来表示前后两个句子的逻辑关系 ,但不能用它来连接两个句子 ,必须借助标点符号 ,加上分号把两个句子分开,或用句点之类断开变成两句话。
Sales have increased 20%; besides, production cost has come down.
销售上涨20%,而且生产成本又降低了。
这里面有两个对等的句子,中间缺乏连接词,只有个连接副词besides.这个连接副词的意思近似于连接词And,但它是副词,并不具备连接两个句子的文法功能,所以要借助分号(;)这个标点符号才能链接两个句子。
Consequently , we should have no problem reaching our goals this year.因此,我们达成今年的目标应该没有问题。
这句话与上句之间有因果关系,用consequently表示。意思类似于so,但并不具备连接两个句子的文法功能,所以和上一句之间用句点断开、另起一句
However, projections for the next fiscal year are not very optimistic.不过,下一个会计年度的预期却不甚乐观。
这句话和上一句之间有相反关系,用however表示,意思类似于but。但however不能用来连接两个句子,所以同样选择用句点和上一句断开、成为两句话。
He is Short++,however,++ he plays basketball well.他个子不高,篮球却打得很好。(误 comma splice.)however 不具备连接两个句子的能力,所以此句错误
His is short. However, he plays basketball well.
分离副词(disjuncts)
- 属于另一个句子中的方法、状态副词
Theoretically, your proposal might work. 理论上,你提的案子可能行得通。
简单的诠释,theoretically修饰后面的your proposal might work这整个句子。
不过,它是下面这个句子的省略
Theoretically speaking, your proposal might work.从理论上说,你提的案子可能行得通。
Theoretically speaking是个经过简化的副词子句。进一步还原为下面的句子
If we are speaking theoretically, your proposal might work.如果 我们从理论上来说,你提的案子可能行得通。
if we are speaking theoretically 是个表示条件的副词子句,句中theoretically是个方法、状态的副词,修饰speak的[方式]。但句子简化到只剩下一个副词theoretically,这种情况就是分离副词(因为它并不是主要句子里面的一个副词)
介副词(particles)
- 介系词 后面不加受词,直接拿来当副词使用的字
Were you in last night? 昨晚你在家吗?(in当主词补语使用,修饰主词you)
time is up.时间到!(up当主词补语使用,修饰主词time)
Don't look down.别往下看。(down修饰动词look)
He came over to talk to you.他过来要和你谈谈。(over修饰动词came)
可修饰名词的副词
加强语气副词、强调范围副词、程度副词、介副词
时间副词
The final game tomorrow is going to be exciting.
明天的决赛将很刺激。(tomorrow时间副词,修饰名词片语the final game)
地方副词
All the people here are your friends.
这里所有人都是你的朋友。(here地方副词,修饰名词片语all the people)
时间副词 和地方副词 最常见的用法是用来修饰动词 。这时候,这两种副词通常放在句尾。地方副词在前,时间副词在后
He had an accident there yesterday.
他昨天在那里出了意外。(地方副词there时间副词yesterday修饰动词had,放在句尾)
Yesterday, around this very corner, a bomb exploded.
昨天,就在这个街角,有枚炸弹爆炸
时间副词yesterday与地方副词around this very corner(介系词片语)修饰exploded,可放在句首
可以当补语的副词
补语(包括主语补语和受词补语)最常见的词类是名词和形容词,但时间副词、地方副词与介副词也可以当补语
The exam is only one week away. It's next Friday.
考试只剩一周就到了,在下周五。
(时间副词片语only one week away和next Friday分别在两个句子中担任主词补语角色)
The police is here. Something's up.
警察来了。一定有事。
(地方副词here和介副词up分别在两个句子中担任主词补语角色)