一. 技术概要重点
MySQL 集群（MySQL Cluster）本质是为了解决单节点 MySQL 的 性能瓶颈 （高并发）、可用性风险 （单点故障）和 数据可靠性（数据丢失）问题，通过多台服务器协同工作，将数据分散 / 复制存储、请求分散处理，最终实现：
高可用（HA）：单个节点故障不影响整体服务；
高扩展（Scalability）：可通过增加节点提升处理能力；
数据一致性：集群内数据保持同步（不同架构一致性级别不同）
MySQL 在服务器中的部署方法
在企业中 90%的服务器操作系统均为 Linux
Mysql 版本使用最多的是 Mysql5.7 和 Mysql8
在企业中对于 Mysql 的安装通常用源码编译的方式来进行
二. RHEL9中的编译环境设置
在 Linux 下部署 mysql， 安装源码编译环境及依赖性：
1.下载安装包
bash
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-boost-8.3.0.tar.gz
2.源码编译
bash
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# dnf install cmake3 gcc git bison openssl-devel ncurses-devel systemd-devel rpcgen.x86_64 libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-9.el9.x86_64.rpm gcc-toolset-12-gcc gcc-toolset-12-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-12-binutils gcc-toolset-12-annobin-annocheck gcc-toolset-12-annobin-plugin-gcc -y
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# tar zxf mysql-boost-8.3.0.tar.gz
[root@mysql-node1 mysql-8.3.0]# mkdir build
[root@mysql-node1 mysql-8.3.0]# cd build/
[root@mysql-node1 build]# cmake3 .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci -DWITH_BOOST=bundled -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF
解析
bash
[root@mysql-node1 build]# make -j2
下载
bash
[root@mysql-node1 build]# make install
[root@mysql-node1 build]# cd /usr/local/mysql/配置环境变量
bash
[root@mysql-node1 mysql]# vim ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin #设置mysql运行环境的环境变量设定生效
bash
[root@mysql-node1 mysql]# source ~/.bash_profile生效后不会显示找不到命令
而是报错
root@mysql-node1 mysql\]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql \[root@mysql-node1 mysql\]# mkdir -p /data/mysql \[root@mysql-node1 mysql\]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/ ### 3.部署mysql ```bash [root@mysql-node1 build]# make install [root@mysql-node1 build]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ [root@mysql-node1 mysql]# vim ~/.bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin #设置mysql运行环境的环境变量 [root@mysql-node1 mysql]# source ~/.bash_profile #修改环境变量 [root@mysql-node1 mysql]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql #建立数据库程序运行用户 [root@mysql-node1 mysql]# mkdir -p /data/mysql #建立数据库数据目录 [root@mysql-node1 mysql]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/ [root@mysql-node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #生成配置文件 [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock ``` ### 4.mysql数据结构初始化（ 数据库安全初始化） ```bash [root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql #生成配置文件 ```  ### 5.启动mysql **使用RHEL9,需要生成systemd启动文件** ```bash [root@mysql-node1 support-files]# dnf install initscripts-10.11.8-4.el9.x86_64 -y [root@mysql-node1 support-files]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/ [root@mysql-node1 support-files]# cp -p mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@mysql-node1 support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/mysql-node1.err'. . SUCCESS! #开机启动 [root@mysql-node1 support-files]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on ``` ``` ``` ### 6.mysql的安全初始化 ```bash [root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation ``` > ``` > Securing the MySQL server deployment. > > Enter password for user root: > > The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password. > > New password: > > Re-enter new password: > > VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords > and improve security. It checks the strength of password > and allows the users to set only those passwords which are > secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component? > > Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: no > Using existing password for root. > Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : no > > > Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y > Success. > > > Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from > 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at > the root password from the network. > > Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y > Success. > > By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that > anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, > and should be removed before moving into a production > environment. > > > Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :y > - Dropping test database... > Success. > > - Removing privileges on test database... > Success. > > Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes > made so far will take effect immediately. > > Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :y > Success. > > All done! > > ``` ### 三. mysql 的组从复制 ### 2.1 配置 mastesr ```bash [root@mysql-node10 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock symbolic-links=0 log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=1 ``` ```bash [root@mysql-node10 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ``` 验证设置是否成功  #进入数据库配置用户权限 ```bash [root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysql -plee ```  #查看默认认证插件 ```bash mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'default_authentication_plugin'; ```  #生成专门用来做复制的用户，此用户是用于slave端做认证用 ```bash mysql> create user lee@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'lee'; mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* to lee@'%'; ##对这个用户进行授权 mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS; ##查看master的状态 ```  \`\`\` ### 2.2 配置 salve ```bash [root@mysql-node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock symbolic-links=0 server-id=2 ``` ```bash [root@mysql-node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart [root@mysql-node2 ~]# mysql -plee mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.254.10',MASTER_USER='lee',MASTER_PASSWORD='lee',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=350; ``` Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec) ```bash mysql> start slave; ``` Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) ```bash mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G; ``` ```bash #如果上述内容输入错误可以reset重新填入信息即可 mysql> RESET SLAVE ALL; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) ``` ```bash [root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysql -plee mysql> CREATE DATABASE lee; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE lee.userlist ( -> username varchar(20) not null, -> password varchar(50) not null -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into lee.userlist values ('lee','123'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM lee.userlist; ```  在slave中查看数据是否有同步过来 ```bash [root@mysql-node2 ~]# mysql -plee mysql> SELECT * FROM lee.userlist; ```  \`\`\` ### 2.3 当有数据时添加 slave2 完成基础配置 ```bash [root@mysql-node3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock symbolic-links=0 server-id=3 ``` ```bash [root@mysql-node3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ```  #从master节点备份数据 ```bash [root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -plee lee > lee.sql ```  > \> \[!NOTE
>
> 生产环境中备份时需要锁表，保证备份前后的数据一致
>
> mysql > FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
>
> 备份后再解锁
>
> mysql > UNLOCK TABLES;
>
> mysqldump 命令备份的数据文件，在还原时先 DROP TABLE，需要合并数据时需要删除此语句
>
> ```
> --
> -- Table structure for table `userlist`
> --
>
> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `userlist`; #需要合并数据时需要删除此语句
> /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
> /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
> ```
```
#利用master节点中备份出来的lee.sql在slave2中拉平数据
#利用master节点中备份出来的lee.sql在slave2中拉平数据
bash
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee -e "create database lee;"
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p lee <lee.sql
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee -e "select * from lee.userlist;"
配置slave2的slave功能
#在master中查询日志pos
mysql -uroot -plee -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS;"
root@mysql-node3 \~\]# mysql -uroot -plee  ```bash mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.254.10', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='lee', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=3201; mysql> start slave; mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G; ```  ### 测试： ```bash [root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee -e "INSERT INTO lee.userlist VALUES('user3','123');" ```  ```bash [root@mysql-node2 mysql]# mysql -uroot -plee -e 'select * from lee.userlist;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ```  ```bash [root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee -e 'select * from lee.userlist;' ``` 