ubuntu更换国内阿里镜像源

Ubuntu 默认源是国外地址，不仅可能找不到包，还会导致下载慢。我们将源替换为阿里云 Ubuntu 源（稳定且速度快）

1. 备份原有源文件（防止改错）

# 备份sources.list文件
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
# 更换镜像源为阿里源
# https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11hDl7dS

2. 编辑源文件（用 vim 修改）

# 打开源配置文件
vim /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 替换源内容（清空原有内容，粘贴以下内容）

先按 Esc 进入 Vim 普通模式，输入 :%d 回车（清空所有内容），再按 i 进入插入模式，粘贴对应 Ubuntu 版本的源（先确认你的 Ubuntu 版本）：

先确认 Ubuntu 版本（执行以下命令）：

lsb_release -c
root@DESKTOP-KHJGL5C:/etc/apt# lsb_release -c
Codename:       jammy
# 输出示例：Codename: jammy（代表Ubuntu 22.04）

• 如果是 Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy)，粘贴：

  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
  
  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  
  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  
  # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  
  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

• 如果是 Ubuntu 20.04 (focal)，粘贴：

  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
  
  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
  
  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  
  # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  
  deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4. 保存并退出 Vim

按 Esc → 输入 :wq → 回车（保存修改并退出）。

5. 重新更新源

# 重新更新源列表（拉取阿里云的包信息）
apt-get update
root@DESKTOP-KHJGL5C:/etc/apt# apt-get update
Ign:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_22.x nodistro InRelease
Ign:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Ign:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_22.x nodistro InRelease
Ign:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Ign:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease
Ign:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_22.x nodistro InRelease
Ign:5 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease
Err:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_22.x nodistro InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.nodesource.com'
Ign:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Ign:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Get:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [128 kB]
Get:5 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [127 kB]
Get:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease [270 kB]
Get:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [129 kB]
Get:6 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted Sources [90.5 kB]
Get:7 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse Sources [36.2 kB]
Get:8 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main Sources [583 kB]
Get:9 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe Sources [482 kB]
Get:10 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages [3320 kB]
Get:11 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main Translation-en [501 kB]
Get:12 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [19.2 kB]
Get:13 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [5505 kB]
Get:14 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted Translation-en [1050 kB]
Get:15 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [676 B]
Get:16 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1258 kB]
Get:17 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe Translation-en [315 kB]
Get:18 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [30.4 kB]
Get:19 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [59.0 kB]
Get:20 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse Translation-en [13.5 kB]
Get:21 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [612 B]
Get:22 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main Sources [9028 B]
Get:23 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe Sources [12.6 kB]
Get:24 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main amd64 Packages [69.4 kB]
Get:25 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main Translation-en [11.5 kB]
Get:26 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [412 B]
Get:27 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Get:28 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe amd64 Packages [30.4 kB]
Get:29 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe Translation-en [16.9 kB]
Get:30 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [672 B]
Get:31 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Get:32 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse Sources [304 kB]
Get:33 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/universe Sources [17.8 MB]
Get:34 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/main Sources [1340 kB]
Get:35 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted Sources [23.7 kB]
Get:36 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages [1395 kB]
Get:37 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/main Translation-en [510 kB]
Get:38 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [30.3 kB]
Get:39 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted amd64 Packages [129 kB]
Get:40 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted Translation-en [18.6 kB]
Get:41 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [488 B]
Get:42 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 Packages [14.1 MB]
Get:43 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/universe Translation-en [5652 kB]
Get:44 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [286 kB]
Get:45 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse amd64 Packages [217 kB]
Get:46 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse Translation-en [112 kB]
Get:47 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [8372 B]
Get:48 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse Sources [24.9 kB]
Get:49 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted Sources [85.2 kB]
Get:50 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main Sources [333 kB]
Get:51 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe Sources [315 kB]
Get:52 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 Packages [3057 kB]
Get:53 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main Translation-en [434 kB]
Get:54 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [14.1 kB]
Get:55 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted amd64 Packages [5343 kB]
Get:56 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted Translation-en [1022 kB]
Get:57 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [680 B]
Get:58 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 Packages [1019 kB]
Get:59 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe Translation-en [225 kB]
Get:60 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [22.7 kB]
Get:61 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [51.9 kB]
Get:62 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse Translation-en [10.6 kB]
Get:63 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [388 B]
Fetched 68.0 MB in 2min 17s (497 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done

root@DESKTOP-KHJGL5C:/etc/apt# cat sources.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse