Ansible常用模块
yum 模块
复制代码
-m yum
提供管理各个被控端的系统的软件包
| 指令参数 |
选项 |
说明 |
| name |
nginx、 httpd...... |
指定安装软件的url |
| state |
prnsent, installed,latest, absent, removed |
prnsent 默认安装;installed安装;latest安装最新版本;absent、removed表示卸载。允许多个软件一次性安装，使用逗号隔开就可以 |
| enablerepo |
epel、 base |
指定从那些仓库获取软件，密钥等等 |
| disablerepo |
epel、 base |
禁止从哪些仓库获取软件等等 |
| exclude |
httpd |
排除某些指定包 |
| download_only |
yes, no |
只下载不安装 |
复制代码
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=latest'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Installed: nginx-core-2:1.20.1-24.el9.x86_64",
"Installed: rocky-logos-httpd-90.16-1.el9.noarch",
"Installed: nginx-2:1.20.1-24.el9.x86_64",
"Installed: nginx-filesystem-2:1.20.1-24.el9.noarch"
]
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=absent'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Removed: nginx-2:1.20.1-24.el9.x86_64"
]
}
service/systemd模块
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-m service
-m systemd
二者都是管理被控端服务的状态，一般不使用systemd，一般使用service
| 指令参数 |
选项 |
说明 |
| name |
nginx、httpd |
指定需要控制的服务名称 |
| state |
started, stopped, restarted, reloaded |
指定服务状态 |
| enabled |
yes, no |
是否开机自启 |
| daemon_reload |
yes |
重启systemd服务 |
复制代码
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=latest'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Installed: apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-23.el9.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-2.4.62-7.el9_7.3.x86_64",
"Installed: apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-23.el9.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-core-2.4.62-7.el9_7.3.x86_64",
"Installed: mod_http2-2.0.26-5.el9.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-filesystem-2.4.62-7.el9_7.3.noarch",
"Installed: mod_lua-2.4.62-7.el9_7.3.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-tools-2.4.62-7.el9_7.3.x86_64",
"Installed: apr-1.7.0-12.el9_3.x86_64",
"Installed: apr-util-1.6.1-23.el9.x86_64",
"Installed: mailcap-2.1.49-5.el9.0.2.noarch"
]
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": true,
"enabled": true,
"name": "httpd",
"state": "started",
"status": {
"ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"ActiveState": "inactive",
......
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m service -a 'name=httpd state=stopped'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "httpd",
"state": "stopped",
"status": {
"ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Thu 2026-03-26 16:03:46 CST",
"ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "10020965015",
"ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"ActiveState": "active",
......
copy模块
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-m copy
提供文件复制操作功能
| 指令参数 |
选项 |
说明 |
| src |
|
本地主机指定目录的文件 |
| dest |
|
远程被控端的绝对路径 |
| owner |
root |
文件复制过去后，被控端默认属主是root |
| group |
root |
文件复制过去后，被控端默认属组是root |
| mode |
file、 dir |
文件复制过去后，文件或者目录的权限 |
| backup |
yes |
备份被修改之前的文件 |
| content |
|
新建文件并向文件内容增加内容，内容:content="" |
复制代码
[root@ansible ~]# echo "这个是我测试copy的文件" >> cp.txt
[root@ansible ~]# ls
3.26.sh anaconda-ks.cfg cp.txt
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a "useradd yun"
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=/root/cp.txt dest=/opt/cp.txt owner=yun mode=744"
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "a5bce5e46a06f8fa30ca18d3d1db00ab024fbf2f",
"dest": "/opt/cp.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "a054ad112570524cd5cf3150ace1bfd9",
"mode": "0744",
"owner": "yun",
"size": 32,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1774527498.2669854-3089-102050268865803/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 1000
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'cat /opt/cp.txt'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
这个是我测试copy的文件
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'cat /opt/cp.txt | ls -l /opt'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49 Mar 26 15:35 a.txt
-rwxr--r-- 1 yun root 32 Mar 26 20:18 cp.txt
[root@ansible ~]# echo "aaa" >> cp.txt
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=/root/cp.txt dest=/opt/cp.txt owner=yun mode=744 backup=yes"
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"backup_file": "/opt/cp.txt.2585.2026-03-26@20:21:13~",
"changed": true,
"checksum": "894a1f72ed2f60efb1eeadf70a1cf89f55362671",
"dest": "/opt/cp.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "96bef3d733dcaf112c641530b4efd8a2",
"mode": "0744",
"owner": "yun",
"size": 36,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1774527672.4405096-4185-41499436453149/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 1000
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'ls -l /opt'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49 Mar 26 15:35 a.txt
-rwxr--r-- 1 yun root 36 Mar 26 20:21 cp.txt
-rwxr--r-- 1 yun root 32 Mar 26 20:18 cp.txt.2585.2026-03-26@20:21:13~
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'cat /opt/cp.txt'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
这个是我测试copy的文件
aaa
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'cat /opt/cp.txt.2585.2026-03-26@20:21:13~'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
这个是我测试copy的文件
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -m copy -a 'dest=/opt/xxx.txt content="yun02"'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "432dae28db047392c645776e3211bfe3784376ef",
"dest": "/opt/xxx.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "5dcbc7af1d4d95b916da7b4b9aa04168",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 5,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1774527995.7517238-6182-135722670914289/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webservers -a 'cat /opt/xxx.txt'
192.168.92.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
yun02