spring-ai 第三结构化输出

砍材农夫2026-04-06 13:56

spring-ai 第三结构化输出

结构化输出

LLM生成结构化输出的能力对于下游应用非常重要

基于 StructuredOutputConverter

快速将AI模型的结果转换为数据类型，例如JSON、XML或Java类，以便可以传递给其他应用程序函数和方法

示例

复制代码

    StructuredOutputConverter outputConverter = ...
    String userInputTemplate = """
        ... user text input ....
        {format}
        """; // user input with a "format" placeholder.
    Prompt prompt = new Prompt(
            PromptTemplate.builder()
						.template(this.userInputTemplate)
						.variables(Map.of(..., "format", this.outputConverter.getFormat())) // replace the "format" placeholder with the converter's format.
						.build().createMessage()
    );

源码示例

https://gitee.com/kcnf_open/spring-ai-sample/tree/master/spring-ai/spring-ai-sample03

返回BeanOutputConverter

复制代码

  @GetMapping("/ai/output")
    public ActorsFilms generate(@RequestParam(value = "actor", defaultValue = "小猪佩奇") String actor) {
        var outputConverter = new BeanOutputConverter<>(ActorsFilms.class);

        String userMessage = """
                Generate the filmography for the actor {actor}.
                Provide the output in JSON format that matches the following structure:
                Actor name and list of movies.
                """;

        return chatClient.prompt()
                .user(user -> user.text(userMessage)
                        .param("actor", actor))
                .call()
                .entity(outputConverter);
    }

测试结果

返回MapOutputConverter

复制代码

    @GetMapping("/ai/map")
    public Map<String, Object> map(@RequestParam(value = "actor", defaultValue = "小猪佩奇") String actor) {
        MapOutputConverter mapOutputConverter = new MapOutputConverter();

        String template = """
        Provide me a List of films for the actor {actor}.
        Return the data as JSON with two fields: 'actor' (the actor name) and 'name movies' (list of movie titles).
        """;

        return chatClient.prompt()
                .user(user -> user.text(template)
                        .param("actor", actor))
                .call()
                .entity(mapOutputConverter);
    }

测试结果