测试学习记录，仅供参考！
Requests 模块
Python requests库是一个常用的 Python HTTP客户端请求库，是一个简单易用、功能强大的库，特别适合用来与 RESTful API 进行交互，用于发送各种HTTP请求，如GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等，并处理返回的响应。使用 requests 库，开发者可以轻松地添加头部信息、发送表单数据、上传文件、管理会话、处理 Cookies 、使用代理等；它还可以支持 SSL 证书验证、连接超时设置、会话对象复用等高级功能。
测试实践操作
封装带有 headers 信息头的 get 请求
以豆瓣电影为例，打开豆瓣电影网页，再打开网页开发者工具（烦请自行学习了解开发者工具，快捷键：F12）。
|--------------|---|---|
| Request URL: | https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects?type=movie\&tag=华语\&page_limit=50\&page_start=0 ||
"？"问号前面是 请求地址，问号后面是 get请求参数；
请求地址：https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects
# 导包
import requests
# 发送带有请求参数 headers 的get 请求
# 请求地址
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects'
# 请求参数，定义一个变量，数据格式使用字典
query_data = {
'type': 'movie',
'tag': '华语',
'page_limit': 50,
'page_start': 0,
}
# 发送一个get请求，并把它赋值给变量r--把url和请求参数分别传进来
r = requests.get(url, params=query_data)
print(r.status_code)
# 输出结果
418
进程已结束，退出代码为 0返回状态码是"418"，这是豆瓣的 反爬虫机制--即触发了它的反爬虫机制，没有给返回它的数据，正常来说它的状态码应该是 200；
# 导包
import requests
# 发送带有请求参数 headers 的get 请求
# 请求地址
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects'
# 请求参数，定义一个变量，数据格式使用字典
query_data = {
'type': 'movie',
'tag': '华语',
'page_limit': 50,
'page_start': 0,
}
# 发送一个get请求，并把它赋值给变量r--把url和请求参数分别传进来
r = requests.get(url, params=query_data)
print(r.status_code)
# 打印请求的headers
print(r.request.headers)
# 输出结果
418
{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.32.3', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
进程已结束，退出代码为 0在请求头信息中可以看到使用的是 'python-requests/2.32.3' 发送的请求；
在使用浏览器的时候，使用的请求头里面的 用的是 浏览器的信息；
|-------------|---|---|
| User-Agent: | Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 ||
所以说需要去修改请求头；
# 导包
import requests
# 发送带有请求参数 headers 的get 请求
# 请求地址
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects'
# 请求参数，定义一个变量，数据格式使用字典
query_data = {
'type': 'movie',
'tag': '华语',
'page_limit': 50,
'page_start': 0,
}
# 再创建一个字典，把浏览器请求头信息拿过来
my_header = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
# 发送一个get请求，并把它赋值给变量r--把url和请求参数分别传进来；
# 拿过来传进来之后，在发送请求的时候，再添加一个请求头
r = requests.get(url, params=query_data, headers=my_header)
print(r.status_code)
# 打印请求的headers
print(r.request.headers)
# 输出结果
200
{'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
进程已结束，退出代码为 0查看服务器返回结果；
# 导包
import requests
# 发送带有请求参数 headers 的get 请求
# 请求地址
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects'
# 请求参数，定义一个变量，数据格式使用字典
query_data = {
'type': 'movie',
'tag': '华语',
'page_limit': 50,
'page_start': 0,
}
# 再创建一个字典，把浏览器请求头信息拿过来
my_header = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
# 发送一个get请求，并把它赋值给变量r--把url和请求参数分别传进来；
# 拿过来传进来之后，在发送请求的时候，再添加一个请求头
r = requests.get(url, params=query_data, headers=my_header)
print(r.status_code)
# 打印请求的headers
print(r.request.headers)
# 查看服务器返回的结果
print(r.json())
# 输出结果
200
{'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
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False, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2887925486.jpg', 'id': '36244064', 'cover_y': 1620, 'is_new': True}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.1', 'cover_x': 5009, 'title': '年会不能停！', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35725869/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2901057189.jpg', 'id': '35725869', 'cover_y': 8000, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.5', 'cover_x': 1600, 'title': '第二十条', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/36208094/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2903145026.jpg', 'id': '36208094', 'cover_y': 2666, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.6', 'cover_x': 1254, 'title': '热辣滚烫', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/36081094/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2904304396.jpg', 'id': '36081094', 'cover_y': 1746, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '9.6', 'cover_x': 600, 'title': '霸王别姬', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291546/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2561716440.jpg', 'id': '1291546', 'cover_y': 889, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.8', 'cover_x': 6313, 'title': '封神第一部：朝歌风云', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/10604086/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2895465725.jpg', 'id': '10604086', 'cover_y': 8838, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.6', 'cover_x': 2600, 'title': '飞驰人生2', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/36369452/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2903066285.jpg', 'id': '36369452', 'cover_y': 3900, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.3', 'cover_x': 1741, 'title': '流浪地球2', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35267208/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2911690577.jpg', 'id': '35267208', 'cover_y': 2500, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.0', 'cover_x': 6000, 'title': '走走停停', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35956190/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2907440658.jpg', 'id': '35956190', 'cover_y': 9000, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.4', 'cover_x': 5594, 'title': '哪吒之魔童降世', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26794435/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2563780504.jpg', 'id': '26794435', 'cover_y': 8268, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.7', 'cover_x': 3000, 'title': '你好，李焕英', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/34841067/', 'playable': False, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2629056068.jpg', 'id': '34841067', 'cover_y': 4292, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.9', 'cover_x': 1786, 'title': '流浪地球', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26266893/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2545472803.jpg', 'id': '26266893', 'cover_y': 2500, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '9.0', 'cover_x': 1500, 'title': '让子弹飞', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/3742360/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p1512562287.jpg', 'id': '3742360', 'cover_y': 2200, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.3', 'cover_x': 3000, 'title': '九龙城寨之围城', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/24284175/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2907242293.jpg', 'id': '24284175', 'cover_y': 4200, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '6.2', 'cover_x': 3544, 'title': '消失的她', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35660795/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 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'rate': '5.3', 'cover_x': 2143, 'title': '唐人街探案3', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/27619748/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2622388983.jpg', 'id': '27619748', 'cover_y': 3000, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '9.0', 'cover_x': 1280, 'title': '大话西游之月光宝盒', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1299398/', 'playable': False, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2561721372.jpg', 'id': '1299398', 'cover_y': 1830, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '6.9', 'cover_x': 1667, 'title': '孤注一掷', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35267224/', 'playable': False, 'cover': 'https://img2.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2896551721.jpg', 'id': '35267224', 'cover_y': 2500, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.4', 'cover_x': 5400, 'title': '年少日记', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/34940879/', 'playable': False, 'cover': 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'rate': '7.7', 'cover_x': 2850, 'title': '唐人街探案', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26311973/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2302930556.jpg', 'id': '26311973', 'cover_y': 3990, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.8', 'cover_x': 5315, 'title': '白蛇：缘起', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/30331149/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2544313786.jpg', 'id': '30331149', 'cover_y': 7441, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '6.6', 'cover_x': 1400, 'title': '唐人街探案2', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26698897/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2512717519.jpg', 'id': '26698897', 'cover_y': 1960, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.1', 'cover_x': 1279, 'title': '我们一起摇太阳', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/36149032/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2904467472.jpg', 'id': '36149032', 'cover_y': 1791, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.3', 'cover_x': 5906, 'title': '人生大事', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35460157/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2874262709.jpg', 'id': '35460157', 'cover_y': 8268, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '6.6', 'cover_x': 1745, 'title': '独行月球', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35183042/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2876409008.jpg', 'id': '35183042', 'cover_y': 2500, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.8', 'cover_x': 1080, 'title': '喜剧之王', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/1302425/', 'playable': False, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2579932167.jpg', 'id': '1302425', 'cover_y': 1599, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.2', 'cover_x': 2300, 'title': '涉过愤怒的海', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/33456512/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2900852349.jpg', 'id': '33456512', 'cover_y': 3673, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.0', 'cover_x': 2000, 'title': '来福大酒店', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/36173819/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2909005405.jpg', 'id': '36173819', 'cover_y': 3000, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '6.1', 'cover_x': 1753, 'title': '默杀', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/36877322/', 'playable': False, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2910148246.jpg', 'id': '36877322', 'cover_y': 2800, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.4', 'cover_x': 1080, 'title': '扬名立万', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35422807/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2881817779.jpg', 'id': '35422807', 'cover_y': 1551, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '8.2', 'cover_x': 1429, 'title': '红海行动', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26861685/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2514119443.jpg', 'id': '26861685', 'cover_y': 2000, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.5', 'cover_x': 1680, 'title': '误杀', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/30176393/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2614628862.jpg', 'id': '30176393', 'cover_y': 2352, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.4', 'cover_x': 1080, 'title': '长津湖', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/25845392/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2681329386.jpg', 'id': '25845392', 'cover_y': 1513, 'is_new': False}, {'episodes_info': '', 'rate': '7.7', 'cover_x': 5906, 'title': '保你平安', 'url': 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/35457272/', 'playable': True, 'cover': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2889498097.jpg', 'id': '35457272', 'cover_y': 8268, 'is_new': False}]}
进程已结束，退出代码为 0批量下载豆瓣电影海报图片
# 导包
import requests
# 发送带有请求参数 headers 的get 请求
# 请求地址
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects'
# 请求参数，定义一个变量，数据格式使用字典
query_data = {
'type': 'movie',
'tag': '华语',
'page_limit': 50,
'page_start': 0,
}
# 再创建一个字典，把浏览器请求头信息拿过来
my_header = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
# 发送一个get请求，并把它赋值给变量r--把url和请求参数分别传进来；
# 拿过来传进来之后，在发送请求的时候，再添加一个请求头
r = requests.get(url, params=query_data, headers=my_header)
# 查看服务器返回的结果
# print(r.json())
res_data = r.json()
# 整个结果是一个字典格式的，获取这个字典的值，拿到值之后，它是一个列表
subjects = res_data['subjects']
# 通过写一个for循环，拿到之后，它其实是里面每一个电影的对象
for subject in subjects:
# 通过title、cover，海报的地址来打印一下；字典可以通过get方法来访问字段的值
print(subject.get('title'), subject.get('cover'))
周处除三害 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2905021483.jpg
我不是药神 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2561305376.jpg
恶人当道 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2907154452.jpg
春行 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2887925486.jpg
年会不能停！ https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2901057189.jpg
热辣滚烫 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2904304396.jpg
第二十条 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2903145026.jpg
霸王别姬 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2561716440.jpg
封神第一部：朝歌风云 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2895465725.jpg
飞驰人生2 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2903066285.jpg
流浪地球2 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2911690577.jpg
走走停停 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2907440658.jpg
哪吒之魔童降世 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2563780504.jpg
你好，李焕英 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2629056068.jpg
流浪地球 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2545472803.jpg
让子弹飞 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p1512562287.jpg
九龙城寨之围城 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2907242293.jpg
消失的她 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2893270877.jpg
功夫 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2219011938.jpg
大话西游之大圣娶亲 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2455050536.jpg
少年的你 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2572166063.jpg
夏洛特烦恼 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2264377763.jpg
西虹市首富 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2529206747.jpg
满江红 https://img2.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2887555071.jpg
长安三万里 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2893820209.jpg
宇宙探索编辑部 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2889865405.jpg
唐伯虎点秋香 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2357915564.jpg
无间道 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2564556863.jpg
大话西游之月光宝盒 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2561721372.jpg
唐人街探案3 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2622388983.jpg
孤注一掷 https://img2.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2896551721.jpg
我和我的祖国 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2567998580.jpg
三大队 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2901703469.jpg
年少日记 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2906644236.jpg
飞驰人生 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2542973862.jpg
唐人街探案 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2302930556.jpg
白蛇：缘起 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2544313786.jpg
唐人街探案2 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2512717519.jpg
我们一起摇太阳 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2904467472.jpg
人生大事 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2874262709.jpg
独行月球 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2876409008.jpg
涉过愤怒的海 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2900852349.jpg
喜剧之王 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2579932167.jpg
来福大酒店 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2909005405.jpg
误杀 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2614628862.jpg
扬名立万 https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2881817779.jpg
红海行动 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2514119443.jpg
默杀 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2910148246.jpg
长津湖 https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2681329386.jpg
保你平安 https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2889498097.jpg
进程已结束，退出代码为 0下载资源（烦请自行测试）：
# 导包
import requests
# 发送带有请求参数 headers 的get 请求
# 请求地址
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects'
# 请求参数，定义一个变量，数据格式使用字典
query_data = {
'type': 'movie',
'tag': '华语',
'page_limit': 50,
'page_start': 0,
}
# 再创建一个字典，把浏览器请求头信息拿过来
my_header = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
# 发送一个get请求，并把它赋值给变量r--把url和请求参数分别传进来；
# 拿过来传进来之后，在发送请求的时候，再添加一个请求头
r = requests.get(url, params=query_data, headers=my_header)
# 查看服务器返回的结果
# print(r.json())
res_data = r.json()
# 整个结果是一个字典格式的，获取这个字典的值，拿到值之后，它是一个列表
subjects = res_data['subjects']
# 通过写一个for循环，拿到之后，它其实是里面每一个电影的对象
for subject in subjects:
# 通过title、cover，海报的地址来打印一下；字典可以通过get方法来访问字段的值
print(subject.get('title'), subject.get('cover'))
# url
url = subject.get('cover')
# 文件名
name = subject.get('title')
# 发送url请求，发送完成之后再拿到服务器结果
r = requests.get(url, headers=my_header)
# 使用 with open 打开这个文件；--文件名；--图片是一个二进制文件，权限等于wb
with open(name+'.jpg', mode='wb') as file:
# 写入文件-访问文件内容，下载的图片是直接放在当前目录下，建议放到一个专门的文件夹中
file.write(r.content)
# with open(name+'.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
# f.write(r.content)
# 输出结果
# 运行成功后打印出输出结果并下载对应海报图片结合测试项目接口服务
启动接口服务
打开名称为"flaskServer.exe"可执行程序，打开接口服务器工具，鼠标单击"启动服务"按钮，启动接口服务；启动服务成功后，在本地计算机中成功运行一个 http 接口服务，本地 IP 地址"127.0.0.1"，端口号：8787，名称为"flaskServer"的 Flask 应用 （使用时启动服务，不用时停止服务关闭即可）；
发送接口请求
使用 GET 请求方式
打开接口测试文档，以"获取商品列表接口"为例，练习使用 GET 请求方法发送接口请求；
|---|---|---|
| 获取商品列表接口 |||
| 
|||
| 在Params里面添加会直接拼接到url后面，这说明它是一个字符串 |||
# 引入requests模块
import requests
# 发送get请求
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8787/coupApply/cms/goodsList'
header = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-formurlencoded;charset=UTF-8'}
req_data = {
"msgType": "getHandsetListOfCust",
"page": 1,
"size": 20
}
res = requests.get(url=url, params=req_data, headers=header)
print(res)
# 响应结果，默认返回接口的一个状态码
print(res.status_code)
# 获取接口响应内容（文本）
print(res.text)
# 获取接口响应的内容（json格式）
print(res.json())
# 打印输出结果
<Response [200]>
200
{"api_info":"today:21 max:10000 all[90=21+33+36];expires:2030-12-31","cache":0,"error_code":"0000","goodsList":[{"goodsId":"18382788819","goods_count":"233","goods_image":"https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/bcf848aa71c6389607ae7a84b70f1543.jpeg","goods_name":"【2件套】套装秋冬新款仿獭兔毛钉珠皮草毛毛短外套加厚大衣女装","original_price":"","unit_price":"￥99.00"},{"goodsId":"33809635011","goods_count":"521","goods_image":"https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/176019babfdecffa1d9f98f40b7e99b4.jpeg","goods_name":"好奇小森林心钻装纸尿裤M22拉拉裤L18/XL14超薄透气裤型尿不湿 1件装","original_price":"","unit_price":"￥108.00"},{"goodsId":"56996760797","goods_count":"1181","goods_image":"https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/efb5db42397550bffd3211ca6f197498.jpeg","goods_name":"冻干鸡小胸整块增肥营养发腮狗狗零食新手养猫零食幼猫零食100g","original_price":"","unit_price":"￥17.80"},{"goodsId":"82193785267","goods_count":"3000+","goods_image":"https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/efb5db42397550bffd3211ca6f197498.jpeg","goods_name":"【自营】ISB伊珊娜意大利水果系列宠物犬猫沐浴露除臭香波护毛素","original_price":"","unit_price":"￥650.00"},{"goodsId":"74190550836","goods_count":"1000+","goods_image":"https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/efb5db42397550bffd3211ca6f197498.jpeg","goods_name":"【新品零0CM嵌入式】海尔电冰箱410L家用法式四门多门官方正品","original_price":"","unit_price":"￥5746.00"}],"reason":"","request_id":"request_id","secache":"c98b29872e8a4b28859db207944ba817","secache_date":"2026-04-17 01:17:10","secache_time":1776359830000,"translate_language":"zh-CN"}
{'api_info': 'today:21 max:10000 all[90=21+33+36];expires:2030-12-31', 'cache': 0, 'error_code': '0000', 'goodsList': [{'goodsId': '18382788819', 'goods_count': '233', 'goods_image': 'https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/bcf848aa71c6389607ae7a84b70f1543.jpeg', 'goods_name': '【2件套】套装秋冬新款仿獭兔毛钉珠皮草毛毛短外套加厚大衣女装', 'original_price': '', 'unit_price': '￥99.00'}, {'goodsId': '33809635011', 'goods_count': '521', 'goods_image': 'https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/176019babfdecffa1d9f98f40b7e99b4.jpeg', 'goods_name': '好奇小森林心钻装纸尿裤M22拉拉裤L18/XL14超薄透气裤型尿不湿 1件装', 'original_price': '', 'unit_price': '￥108.00'}, {'goodsId': '56996760797', 'goods_count': '1181', 'goods_image': 'https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/efb5db42397550bffd3211ca6f197498.jpeg', 'goods_name': '冻干鸡小胸整块增肥营养发腮狗狗零食新手养猫零食幼猫零食100g', 'original_price': '', 'unit_price': '￥17.80'}, {'goodsId': '82193785267', 'goods_count': '3000+', 'goods_image': 'https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/efb5db42397550bffd3211ca6f197498.jpeg', 'goods_name': '【自营】ISB伊珊娜意大利水果系列宠物犬猫沐浴露除臭香波护毛素', 'original_price': '', 'unit_price': '￥650.00'}, {'goodsId': '74190550836', 'goods_count': '1000+', 'goods_image': 'https://omsproductionimg.yangkeduo.com/images/2017-12-12/efb5db42397550bffd3211ca6f197498.jpeg', 'goods_name': '【新品零0CM嵌入式】海尔电冰箱410L家用法式四门多门官方正品', 'original_price': '', 'unit_price': '￥5746.00'}], 'reason': '', 'request_id': 'request_id', 'secache': 'c98b29872e8a4b28859db207944ba817', 'secache_date': '2026-04-17 01:17:10', 'secache_time': 1776359830000, 'translate_language': 'zh-CN'}使用 POST 请求方式
打开接口测试文档，以"用户登录接口"为例，练习使用 POST 请求方法以数据表单格式提交发送接口请求；
|---|---|---|
| 登录接口 |||
| 
|||
数据表单提交
# 引入requests模块
import requests
# 发送post请求--数据表单提交
url_login = 'http://127.0.0.1:8787/dar/user/login'
header_login = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-formurlencoded;charset=UTF-8'}
data_login = {
"user_name": "test01",
"passwd": "admin123"
}
# 一般情况下是需要传请求头的 headers
# res = requests.post(url=url_post,data=req_data_login,headers=header_login)
# 这里测试环境有改动，所以不用传 headers 请求头
res_login = requests.post(url=url_login, data=data_login)
print(res_login)
print(res_login.status_code)
print(res_login.text)
print(res_login.json())
# 如果接口返回信息出现\\u767b格式时，返回的是Unicode编码，这时需要手动去转换一下
# print(res_login.text.encode().decode('unicode_escape'))
# 打印输出结果
<Response [200]>
200
{"error_code":null,"msg":"登录成功","msg_code":200,"orgId":"4140913758110176843","token":"4827d062a01DafBE1E3Ade6385891","userId":"2756470590391434913"}
{'error_code': None, 'msg': '登录成功', 'msg_code': 200, 'orgId': '4140913758110176843', 'token': '4827d062a01DafBE1E3Ade6385891', 'userId': '2756470590391434913'}以"获取商品详情接口"为例，练习使用 POST 请求方法以 JSON 数据格式提交发送接口请求；
|---|---|---|
| 获取商品详情接口 |||
| 
|||
JSON 数据格式提交
# 引入requests模块
import requests
# post请求--json数据格式提交
url_detail = 'http://127.0.0.1:8787/coupApply/cms/productDetail'
header_detail = {'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}
data_detail = {
"pro_id": "33809635011",
"page": 1,
"size": 20
}
res_detail = requests.post(url=url_detail, json=data_detail, headers=header_detail)
print(res_detail)
print(res_detail.status_code)
print(res_detail.text)
print(res_detail.json())
# 打印输出结果
<Response [200]>
200
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