Postgresql 16.11数据库单机版源码安装

前言

安装环境

1.操作系统：centos 7.9

2.需要配置本地yum源，参考如下说明

https://blog.csdn.net/dishugj/article/details/156936729

安装前准备

1.#创建目录并赋权

mkdir /u01/soft/

mkdir /u01/app/postgre16.11

mkdir /u01/app/postgre16.11/pgdata

chown -R postgres:postgres /u01

chmod -R 775 /u01

2.创建用户和用户组

创建用户组postgres并创建用户postgres

groupadd postgres

useradd -g postgres postgres

id postgres uid=1001(postgres) gid=1001(postgres) groups=1001(postgres)

3.关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service

关闭selinuX

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

4.检查NTP服务（集群必须检查，单机可以不检查）

一、安装依赖：

yum install -y bison flex readline-devel zlib zlib-devel gcc openssl-devel Iibicu-devel

#若上面安装依赖不能满足，可选择性安装下列依赖（一般上述依赖即可，无需 下列依赖）

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ epel-release Ilvm5.0 Ilvm5.0-devel clang libicu-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel systemd-devel tcl-devel python-deve! yum install -y Ilvm5.0 Ilvm5.0-devel T

二、生产内网环境需要下载源代码上传到linux系统服务器

https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

#互联网环境通过 wget 方式获取源码包，本文以 postgresql-16. 1 为例进行实验

#切换目录

cd /u01/soft/

#以root 执行下面步骤

wget https://ftp. postgresql.org/pub/source/v16. 1/postgresql-16. 1. tar. gz

tar -vxf postgresql-16. 1.tar. gz

cd postgresql-16.1

tar -vxf postgresql-16. 1.tar. gz cd postgresql-16.1

chmod +x configure

./configure --help

./configure --prefix=/u01/app/postgre16.11 --with-pgport=1521 --with-blocksize=8 --with-wal-blocksize=8 --with-segsize=5

参数说明： #数据块按 8K 划分(--with-blocksize,单位为K,默认为 8K)

#WAL块尺寸按 8k 划分(--with-wal-blocksize,单位为 K,默认为 8K)

#数据文件按 5G 一个切分(--with-segsize,单位为 G,默认为 1G)

#--prefix指定软件的安装路径

三、编译安装

make (以root运行)

.........

make install (以root运行)

.........

去软件安装目录/u01/app/postgre16.11 查看是否生产下列 4 个文件,判断安装是否成功。

root@localhost postgre16.11# ll

total 12

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 20 23:26 bin

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Apr 20 23:26 include

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Apr 20 23:26 lib

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 24 Apr 20 23:26 share

四、配置环境变量

设置postgres 用户的环境变量（环境变量一定要设置正确了，否则初始化数 居库的时候会失败

su - postgres

vi ~/.bash_profi le

添加内容：

export PGPORT=1521

export PGHOME=/u01/app/postgre16.11

export PGDATA=/u01/app/postgre16.11/pgdata

export PG_DATA=$PGDATA

export PATH=PGHOME/bin:PATH

export MANPATH=PGHOME/share/man:MANPATH

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

export DATE='date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"'

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=PGHOME/1ib:LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export PGUSER=postgres

export PGDATABASE=postgres

cd $PGDATA

环境变量生效 source ~/.bash_profile

五、初始化数据库

su - postgres

initdb -D $PGDATA -U postgres --locale=en_US.UTF8 -E UTF8 --wal-segsize=1024

#WAL 段尺寸按 16MB 划分（--with-wal-segsize,单位为 M,默认为 16MB)，可以设置为最大1G，一般情况不调整。

六、修改数据库参数

（后面有需要再修改也可以，此处不想修改可直接跳过）

vim /u01/app/postgre16.11/pgdata/postgresql.conf

修改内容：

listen_addresses = '*' #监听所有用户，默认监听本地localhost

port = 1521 #数据库端口号，默认 5432

#客户端访问控制文件配置

vim /u01/app/postgre16.11/pgdata /pg_ hba.conf

添加内容： host all all 0.0.0. 0/0 md5 # 允许所有用户通过MD5 认证登陆

七、pg_ctl手动启动数据库

#切换到postgres_用户

su -- postgres

pg_ctl -D /u01/app/postgre16.11/pgdata -l logfile start

或者

pg_ctl. start -mf #启动数据服务

pg_ctl stop -mf #关闭数据库服务

pg_ctl restart -mf #重启数据库服务

#查看pg 端口号: netstat -natplgrep post I

八、修改postgres数据库用户密码

su -- postgres

psql

#登录数据库psql客户端为postgres用户设置密码

ALTER USER postgres WITH encrypted PASSWORD 'postgres'; #执行 SQL

九、启动配置（可选配置）

1. 使用 system进行管理（root）：

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-16.service 添加内容：

It's not recommended to modify this file in-place, because it will be

overwritten during package upgrades. It is recommended to use systemd

"dropin" feature; i.e. create file with suffix .conf under

/etc/systemd/system/UNITNAME.service.d directory overriding the

unit's defaults. Look at systemd.unit(5) manual page for more info.

Unit

Description=PostgreSQL 16 database server

After=syslog.target

After=network-online.target

Service

Type=forking

User=postgres

Group=postgres

Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging

options of postgresql.conf take effect)

This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd

StandardOutput=syslog

Disable OOM kill on the postmaster

OOMScoreAdjust=-1000

... but allow it still to be effective for child processes

(note that these settings are ignored by Postgres releases before 9.5)

Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj

Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=0

Environment=PGDATA=/u01/app/postgre16.11/pgdata

##ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postgresql-check-db-dir %N

Even though the $PGDATA variable is exported (postmaster would accept that)

use the -D option here so PGDATA content is printed by /bin/ps and by

'systemctl status'.

ExecStart=/u01/app/postgre16.11/bin/pg_ctl -D {PGDATA} -l {PGDATA}/logfile start

ExecStop=/u01/app/postgre16.11/bin/pg_ctl stop -mf

ExecReload=/u01/app/postgre16.11/bin/pg_ctl -D ${PGDATA} reload

KillMode=mixed

KillSignal=SIGINT

No artificial start/stop timeout (rhbz#1525477, pgrpms#2786).

TimeoutSec=300

TimeoutStartSec=0

TimeoutStopSec=1h

Install

WantedBy=multi-user.target

2.# 加载 system配置：

systemctl daemon-reload

3.# 使用 systemctl启动:

systemctl start postgresql-16.service

4.设置开机自启

systemctl enable postgresql-16.service

systemctl start postgresql-16.service