解决MacOS 安装Python之后默认版本指向不正确问题

背景

Mac系统之前安装了Python3.13，被卸载了，又新安装了 Python3.12.11

～/.zshrc 环境变量下的有

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| # HomeBrew export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN``=``https:``/``/``mirrors.ustc.edu.cn``/``homebrew``-``bottles export PATH``=``"/usr/local/bin:$PATH" export PATH``=``"/usr/local/sbin:$PATH" # HomeBrew END |

问题

已经安装了新的Python3.12，但是，执行 python --version 显示系统目录下默认目录下的python版本:

问题原因是：

/usr/local/bin/ 目录下缺少 /usr/local/bin/python3 文件，导致python3命令指向系统默认的版本。如果存在 /usr/local/bin/python3 需要确认一下该软链接指向是否正确。

解决方法

强制创建软链接 /usr/local/bin/python3。

具体操作如下：

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| # 创建 python3 软链接 sudo ln ``-``sf ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``python3.``12 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``python3 # 清除缓存 hash -``r # 重新加载配置 source ~``/``.zshrc # 验证 which python3 python3 ``-``-``version 同理处理pip3: # 1. 先查看 Homebrew 安装的 pip3.12 在哪里 ls ``-``l ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip``* # 2. 创建 pip3 软链接指向 pip3.12 sudo ln ``-``sf ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3.``12 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3 # 3. 清除缓存 hash -``r # 4. 验证 which pip3 pip3 ``-``-``version 如果 ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3.``12 不存在： 可能 Homebrew 的 Python 没有安装 pip，需要安装或重新链接： bash # 重新安装 python@3.12 的 pip brew unlink python@``3.12 && brew link python@``3.12 # 或者确保 pip 已安装 python3 ``-``m ensurepip ``-``-``upgrade # 然后创建软链接 sudo ln ``-``sf ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3.``12 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3 验证 Python 和 pip 版本一致： bash # 应该都显示 3.12 python3 ``-``-``version pip3 ``-``-``version |

测试验证结果

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| hulk@Mac-``mini ``bin % which pip3 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3 hulk@Mac-``mini ``bin % pip3 ``-``-``version pip ``25.1``.``1 from /``usr``/``local``/``lib``/``python3.``12``/``site``-``packages``/``pip (python ``3.12``) hulk@Mac-``mini ``bin % python ``-``-``version zsh: command ``not found: python hulk@Mac-``mini ``bin % python3 ``-``-``version Python ``3.12``.``11 hulk@Mac-``mini ``bin % ls ``-``l ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip``* lrwxr``-``xr``-``x ``1 root admin ``22 6``月 ``11 15``:``38 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3 ``-``> ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3.``12 lrwxr``-``xr``-``x ``1 hulk admin 41 6``月 ``11 15``:``11 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``pip3.``12 -``> ..``/``Cellar``/``python@``3.12``/``3.12``.``11``/``bin``/``pip3.``12 hulk@Mac-``mini ``bin % ls ``-``l ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``python``* lrwxr``-``xr``-``x ``1 root admin ``25 6``月 ``11 15``:``34 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``python3 ``-``> ``/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``python3.``12 lrwxr``-``xr``-``x ``1 hulk admin 44 6``月 ``11 15``:``11 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``python3.``12 -``> ..``/``Cellar``/``python@``3.12``/``3.12``.``11``/``bin``/``python3.``12 lrwxr``-``xr``-``x ``1 hulk admin 51 6``月 ``11 15``:``11 /``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``python3.``12``-``config ``-``> ..``/``Cellar``/``python@``3.12``/``3.12``.``11``/``bin``/``python3.``12``-``config hulk@Mac-``mini ``bin % |