大模型应用-进阶核心技能【09：Agent之ReAct模式实战】

W12 · 知识点09：Agent之ReAct模式实战

学习目标：从零实现ReAct Agent，让AI像维修工程师一样"想→查→再想→给结论"。

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一、ReAct vs Function Calling

维度	Function Calling	ReAct
工具选择	模型内部决定	Prompt显式定义
推理可见性	黑箱	每步可见
框架依赖	需API支持	纯Prompt
调试	较难	容易（看trace）

二、ReAct核心循环

Thought: 我需要查这台设备的维修历史
Action: maintenance_history
Action Input: {"device_id": "DEV-002"}
Observation: 维修4次，总费用3250元
Thought: 4次维修较多，再查当前状态
Action: query_device
Action Input: {"device_id": "DEV-002"}
Observation: 状态=停机, 运行4200小时
Thought: 设备已停机且维修频繁
Final Answer: 建议评估是否更换设备...

三、动手练习

pip install openai
python scripts/09_react_agent.py

四、本知识点检验标准

• 理解Thought→Action→Observation循环
• 从零实现ReAct Agent
• Agent能串联多工具完成复杂诊断

code

"""
知识点09: ReAct Agent 实战
===========================
从零实现ReAct设备维修诊断Agent（不依赖LangChain）

pip install openai
"""

import os, json, re
from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(
    api_key=os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY", "sk-your-key"),
    base_url=os.environ.get("OPENAI_BASE_URL", "https://api.deepseek.com/v1"),
)

MOCK = {
    "devices": {"DEV-001": {"name": "1号空压机", "status": "运行中", "hours": 2350}, "DEV-002": {"name": "2号空压机", "status": "停机", "hours": 4200}, "DEV-003": {"name": "3号注塑机", "status": "运行中", "hours": 6800}},
    "history": {"DEV-001": [{"date": "2025-01-15", "fault": "进气阀漏气", "cost": 90}, {"date": "2025-03-20", "fault": "排气温度高", "cost": 500}], "DEV-002": [{"date": "2024-08-10", "fault": "电机过热", "cost": 800}, {"date": "2024-12-05", "fault": "E-07报警", "cost": 1200}, {"date": "2025-03-18", "fault": "漏油", "cost": 350}, {"date": "2025-05-22", "fault": "异响", "cost": 900}]},
    "inventory": {"空压机": [{"name": "进气阀密封件", "qty": 15}], "注塑机": [{"name": "加热圈", "qty": 6}], "通用": [{"name": "轴承6205-2RS", "qty": 20}]},
}

def tool_query_device(device_id): return json.dumps(MOCK["devices"].get(device_id, {"error": "不存在"}), ensure_ascii=False)
def tool_history(device_id):
    h = MOCK["history"].get(device_id, [])
    return json.dumps({"records": h, "count": len(h), "total_cost": sum(r["cost"] for r in h)}, ensure_ascii=False)
def tool_inventory(device_type): return json.dumps(MOCK["inventory"].get(device_type, MOCK["inventory"]["通用"]), ensure_ascii=False)
def tool_work_order(device_id, fault, priority):
    import random
    return json.dumps({"order_id": f"WO-{random.randint(1000,9999)}", "status": "已创建"}, ensure_ascii=False)

TOOLS = {"query_device": tool_query_device, "maintenance_history": tool_history, "spare_inventory": tool_inventory, "create_work_order": tool_work_order}

SYSTEM = """你是设备维修诊断助手。按ReAct格式思考和行动。
可用工具:
- query_device(device_id): 查设备状态(如DEV-001)
- maintenance_history(device_id): 查维修历史
- spare_inventory(device_type): 查备件库存(如"空压机")
- create_work_order(device_id, fault, priority): 创建工单

格式:
Thought: [你的分析]
Action: [工具名]
Action Input: [JSON参数]
或:
Thought: [最终分析]
Final Answer: [完整回答]"""

class ReActAgent:
    def __init__(self, max_steps=8):
        self.max_steps = max_steps

    def run(self, question):
        messages = [{"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM}, {"role": "user", "content": question}]
        print(f"\n👤 {question}")
        print("=" * 55)
        for step in range(self.max_steps):
            resp = client.chat.completions.create(model="deepseek-chat", messages=messages, temperature=0.3)
            text = resp.choices[0].message.content
            messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": text})
            if "Final Answer:" in text:
                answer = text.split("Final Answer:")[-1].strip()
                print(f"\n✅ {answer}")
                return answer
            am = re.search(r'Action:\s*(\w+)', text)
            im = re.search(r'Action Input:\s*(\{.*?\})', text, re.DOTALL)
            if am:
                action = am.group(1)
                args = json.loads(im.group(1)) if im else {}
                thought = text.split("Action:")[0].replace("Thought:", "").strip()
                print(f"\n🧠 {thought}")
                print(f"🔧 {action}({json.dumps(args, ensure_ascii=False)})")
                try:
                    obs = TOOLS[action](**args) if action in TOOLS else '{"error":"未知工具"}'
                except Exception as e:
                    obs = json.dumps({"error": str(e)})
                print(f"📋 {obs}")
                messages.append({"role": "user", "content": f"Observation: {obs}"})
            else:
                messages.append({"role": "user", "content": "格式有误，请按Thought/Action/Action Input或Final Answer格式。"})
        return "达到步骤限制"

def main():
    print("=" * 60)
    print("  设备维修 ReAct Agent")
    print("=" * 60)
    agent = ReActAgent()
    for q in ["DEV-002维修了几次？还能继续用吗？", "3号注塑机需要什么备件？库存够吗？", "DEV-001排气温度高，帮我诊断并生成工单"]:
        agent.run(q)
        print("\n" + "=" * 60)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()