单片机·电子时钟

文章目录

[1. 引言](#1. 引言)
[2. DS302简介](#2. DS302简介)
[3. DS302引脚](#3. DS302引脚)
[4. DS302的寄存器](#4. DS302的寄存器)
- [4.1. 时钟芯片DS1302模块介绍](#4.1. 时钟芯片DS1302模块介绍)
- [4.2. 日历、时钟寄存器](#4.2. 日历、时钟寄存器)
- [4.3. 片内RAM](#4.3. 片内RAM)
- [4.4. DS302的输入/输出过程](#4.4. DS302的输入/输出过程)
[5. DS302+单片机=显示万年历](#5. DS302+单片机=显示万年历)
- [5.1 参考代码](#5.1 参考代码)
- [5.2 运行效果](#5.2 运行效果)
[6. 总结](#6. 总结)

1. 引言

自己制作一个带有年月日时分秒的时钟

2. DS302简介

DS1302是高性能低功耗涓流充电时钟芯片，内含有一个实时时钟/日历寄存器和31个字节静态RAM，实时时钟/日历寄存器能提供2100年之前的秒、分、时、日、日期、月、年等信息，每月的天数和闰年的天数可自动调整，时钟操作可通过AM/PM指示决定采用24小时或12小时格式。内部31个字节静态RAM可提供用户访问。对时钟/日历寄存器、RAM的读/写，可以采用单字节方式或多达31个字节的字符组方式；工作电压范围宽，为2.0～5.5V；与TTL兼容，VCC=5V；温度范围宽，可在-40℃～+85℃正常工作；采用主电源和备份电源双电源供电，备份电源可由电池或大容量电容实现；功耗很低，保持数据和时钟信息时功率小于1mW。

3. DS302引脚

X1、X2：32.768kHz晶振接入引脚。
GND：地。
-RST：复位引脚，低电平有效。
I/O：数据输入/输出引脚，具有三态功能。
SCLK：串行时钟输入引脚。
V_CC1：电源1引脚。
V_CC2：电源2引脚。

4. DS302的寄存器

DS1302有一个控制寄存器、12个时钟/日历寄存器和31个RAM。

4.1. 时钟芯片DS1302模块介绍

4.2. 日历、时钟寄存器

4.3. 片内RAM

片内有31个RAM单元。

4.4. DS302的输入/输出过程

DS1302通过-RST引脚驱动输入/输出过程，当置-RST高电平启动输入/输出过程。在SCLK时钟的控制下，首先把控制命令字写入DS1302的控制寄存器，其次根据写入的控制命令字，依次读写内部寄存器或片内RAM单元的数据。
对于日历、时钟寄存器，根据控制命令字，一次可以读写一个日历、时钟寄存器，也可以一次读写8个字节。对所有的日历、时钟寄存器，写的控制命令字为0BEH，读的控制命令字为0BFH。
对于片内RAM单元，根据控制命令字，一次可读写一个字节，一次也可读写31个字节。当数据读写完后，-RST变为低电平结束输入/输出过程。
无论是命令字还是数据，一个字节传送时都是低位在前，高位在后，每一位的读写发生在时钟的上升沿。

5. DS302+单片机=显示万年历

5.1 参考代码

c 复制代码

#include <reg52.h>
#include <absacc.h>   			//定义绝对地址访问
#include <intrins.h>
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int

sbit T_CLK = P1^3;			//DS1302 时钟线引脚
sbit T_IO = P1^4;				//DS1302 数据线引脚
sbit T_RST = P1^2;			//DS1302 复位线引脚
sbit ACC7 = ACC^7;
sbit ACC0 = ACC^0;
void WriteB(uchar ucDa);
uchar ReadB(void);
void v_W1302(uchar ucAddr,uchar ucDa);
uchar uc_R1302(uchar ucAddr);





uchar data ttime[3]={0x00,0x00,0x00};  // 时分秒
uchar data tdata[4]={0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};  // 年月日,星期

// LCD2864 常量定义
# define lcdrow 0xc0 			//常量初始行
# define lcdpage 0xb8			//常量初始页
# define lcdcolumn 0x40			//常量初始列
# define c_page_max 0x08		//常量最大页
# define c_column_max 0x40		//常量最大列

//LCD12864 端口定义
# define bus P0
sbit rst = P2^0;
sbit e = P2^1;
sbit rw = P2^2;
sbit rs = P2^3;
sbit cs1 = P2^4;
sbit cs2 = P2^5;


void select(uchar);
void send_cmd(uchar);
void send_data(uchar);
void clear_screen(void);
void initial(void);
void display_zf(uchar,uchar,uchar,uchar);
void dispaly_hz(uchar,uchar,uchar,uchar);

uchar code table_zf[]={
// 0(0) 1(1) 2(2) 3(3) 4(4) 5(5) 6(6) 7(7) 8(8) 9(9)
0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,/*"0",0*/
0x00,0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,/*"1",1*/
0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,/*"2",2*/
0x00,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,/*"3",3*/
0x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x30,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x06,0x05,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x24,/*"4",4*/
0x00,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,/*"5",5*/
0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x90,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,/*"6",6*/
0x00,0x18,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x68,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3E,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"7",7*/
0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,/*"8",8*/
0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x12,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,/*"9",9*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00/*":",10*/

};

uchar code table_hz[]={
// 年(0) 月(1) 日(2) :(3)
0x00,0x20,0x18,0xC7,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0xFC,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x04,0x00,0x00,
0x04,0x04,0x04,0x07,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0xFF,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,/*"年",0*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x80,0x40,0x30,0x0F,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x42,0x82,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"月",1*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x82,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"日",2*/

};

uchar code table_tu[]={
/*--  调入了一幅图像：C:\Users\86150\Desktop\csdn.bmp  --*/
/*--  宽度x高度=128x32  --*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x80,0xC0,0xE0,0x60,0x60,0x70,0x70,0xFC,0xFC,0xFE,0xFC,0xFE,0xFC,0xFC,0x70,
0x70,0x60,0x60,0xE0,0xC0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x04,
0x04,0xC3,0x79,0xFD,0xE4,0xE4,0xE4,0x18,0x39,0x39,0xC1,0x03,0xC1,0x39,0x39,0x58,
0xE4,0xE4,0xE4,0xFD,0x19,0xE3,0x04,0x04,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x80,0xC0,0xE0,0x70,0x78,0x38,0x1C,0x0E,0x06,0x06,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x78,0xFC,0xFC,0xC6,0x86,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x06,0x1E,0x1C,
0x1C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFE,0x1E,0x1E,0x06,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x06,
0x06,0x3C,0x3C,0xF8,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0xFE,0xFE,0x7C,0x1C,0x06,0x06,
0x06,0x02,0x02,0x06,0x06,0x06,0xFC,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x7F,0xFC,
0xFC,0xFB,0xF7,0x0C,0x0B,0x0B,0x08,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x30,0x00,0x30,0x07,0x07,0x08,
0x08,0x0B,0x0B,0x08,0xF4,0xFB,0xFC,0xFC,0x7F,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x3E,0xFF,0x87,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x07,0x07,0x0F,0xFC,
0xFC,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x80,0xC0,0xC0,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0x7F,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,
0x01,0x07,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x07,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x03,0x07,0x07,0x0E,0x0E,0x0C,0x0C,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x06,0x06,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x07,
0x07,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x07,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x07,0x07,0x07,
0x07,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00


};

//定义延迟函数
void delayus10(void) 			// 延迟10us
{
	uchar i =5;
	while(--i);
}

void delayms(uint j)			// 延迟ms
{
	uchar i = 250;
	for(;j>0;j--)
	{
		while(--i);
		i = 249;
		while(--i);
		i = 250;
	}
}

// 往DS1302 写1B数据
void WriteB(uchar ucDa)
{
	uchar i;
	ACC = ucDa;
	for(i =8;i>0;i--)
	{
		T_IO =ACC0;
		T_CLK = 1;
		T_CLK = 0;
		ACC = ACC >>1;
	}
}
// 从DS302读1B数据
uchar ReadB(void)
{
	uchar i;
	for(i=8;i>0;i--)
	{
		ACC =ACC>>1;
		ACC7 =T_IO;
		T_CLK = 1;
		T_CLK = 0;
	}
	return(ACC);
}

// DS302 单字节读，从指定地址单元读出数据
uchar uc_R1302(uchar ucAddr)
{
	uchar ucDa=0;
	T_RST =0;T_CLK =0;
	T_RST =1;
	WriteB(ucAddr);
	ucDa =ReadB();
	T_CLK =1;
	T_RST =0;
	return(ucDa);
}



void select(uchar cs)
{
	if(cs==0){cs1=0;cs2=0;}
	else if(cs==1){cs1=0;cs2=1;}
	else{cs1=1;cs2=0;}
}

void send_cmd(uchar cmd)
{
	rs=0;rw=0;bus=cmd;delayus10();e=0;e=1;e=0;
}
void send_data(uchar dat)
{
	rs=1;rw=0;bus=dat;delayus10();e=0;e=1;e=0;
}

void clear_screen(void)
{
	uchar c_page,c_column;
	select(0);
	for(c_page=0;c_page<c_page_max;c_page++)
	{
		send_cmd(c_page+lcdpage);
		send_cmd(lcdcolumn);
		for(c_column=0;c_column<c_column_max;c_column++)
		{
			send_data(0x00);
		}
	}
}

void initial(void)
{
	rst=0;delayms(10);rst=1;
	select(0);
	clear_screen();
	send_cmd(lcdrow);
	send_cmd(lcdcolumn);
	send_cmd(lcdpage);
	send_cmd(0x3f);
}

void display_zf(uchar c_page,uchar c_column,uchar num,uchar offset)
{
	uchar c1,c2,c3;
	for(c1=0;c1<num;c1++)
	{
		for(c2=0;c2<2;c2++)
		{
			for(c3=0;c3<8;c3++)
			{
				send_cmd(lcdpage+c_page+c2);
				send_cmd(lcdcolumn+c_column+c1*8+c3);
				send_data(table_zf[(c1+offset)*16+c2*8+c3]);
				//delayms(100);
			}
		}
	}
}


void display_hz(uchar c_page,uchar c_column,uchar num,uchar offset)
{
	uchar c1,c2,c3;
	for(c1=0;c1<num;c1++)
	{
		for(c2=0;c2<2;c2++)
		{
			for(c3=0;c3<16;c3++)
			{
				send_cmd(lcdpage+c_page+c2);
				send_cmd(lcdcolumn+c_column+c1*16+c3);
				send_data(table_hz[(c1+offset)*32+c2*16+c3]);
				//delayms(100);
			}
		}
	}
}

void display_tu()
{
	uint i,j;
	send_cmd(lcdpage);
	send_cmd(lcdcolumn);
	for(i=0;i<4;i++)
	{	
		for(j=0;j<128;j++)
		{
			if(j<64)
			{
				select(1);
				send_cmd(lcdpage+i);
				send_cmd(lcdcolumn+j);
				send_data(table_tu[i*128+j]);delayms(10);
			}else
			{
				select(2);
				send_cmd(lcdpage+i);
				send_cmd(lcdcolumn+j-64);
				send_data(table_tu[i*128+j]);delayms(10);
			}
		}
	}
}

void main()
{
	uchar temp;
	SP =0x50;
	initial();
	
	display_tu();
	
	//省略固定文字
		select(1);
		display_zf(4,8,1,2);//2
		display_zf(4,16,1,0);//2
		display_hz(4,40,1,0);//年
		display_zf(6,36,1,10);//:
		select(2);
		display_hz(4,8,1,1);// 月
		display_hz(4,40,1,2);// 日
		display_zf(6,4,1,10);//:
	
	
	while(1)
	{
		P3=0xFF;
		temp=uc_R1302(0x8d);
		tdata[0]=(temp/16)*10+temp%16;
		select(1);
		display_zf(4,24,1,tdata[0]/10);
		display_zf(4,32,1,tdata[0]%10);
		
		temp=uc_R1302(0x89);
		tdata[1]=(temp/16)*10+temp%16;
		select(1);
		display_zf(4,56,1,tdata[1]/10);
		select(2);
		display_zf(4,0,1,tdata[1]%10);
		
		temp=uc_R1302(0x87);
		tdata[2]=(temp/16)*10+temp%16;
		select(2);
		display_zf(4,24,1,tdata[2]/10);
		display_zf(4,32,1,tdata[2]%10);
		
		temp=uc_R1302(0x85);
		temp=temp&0x7f;
		ttime[0]=(temp/16)*10+temp%16;
		select(1);
		display_zf(6,16,1,ttime[0]/10);
		display_zf(6,24,1,ttime[0]%10);
		
		temp=uc_R1302(0x83);
		ttime[1]=(temp/16)*10+temp%16;
		select(1);
		display_zf(6,48,1,ttime[1]/10);
		display_zf(6,56,1,ttime[1]%10);
		
		temp=uc_R1302(0x81);
		temp=temp&0x7f;
		ttime[2]=(temp/16)*10+temp%16;
		select(2);
		display_zf(6,16,1,ttime[2]/10);
		display_zf(6,24,1,ttime[2]%10);
		
		temp=uc_R1302(0x8b);
		tdata[3]=temp/16;
		select(2);
		display_zf(6,48,1,temp%10);
		

		delayms(100);
	}

	
}

5.2 运行效果

6. 总结

本文详细介绍了基于 DS1302 时钟芯片与 51 单片机实现万年历显示的全过程，读者可以掌握 DS1302 的时序控制方法、单片机与 LCD 的接口编程技巧，并具备在此基础上扩展闹钟、定时等功能的开发能力。