【qt openGL入门笔记】windows编译MinGW版本的osgearth(2.10.1)

扶尔魔ocy2026-10-28 12:04

前言

前面我已经编译过MinGW版本的OSG（3.6.5）,osgEarth的编译需要依赖sqlite3、curl 、proj 、geos 、gdal，以及OSG库。这些库也需要用QT自带的MinGW环境进行编译。

环境说明

我系统的QT MinGW目录为：D:\software\Qt5.12.10\Tools\mingw730_64

我创建了目录D:\software\build-deps，用于编译主要的依赖库，在该目录下生效一个env.bat，用于在cmd命令行窗口配置编译的环境，完成依赖库的编译操作，生成的依赖库保存在D:\software\mingw73-deps目录下

复制代码 
@echo off
set MINGW=D:\software\Qt5.12.10\Tools\mingw730_64
set PATH=%MINGW%\bin;%PATH%
cd /d D:\software\build-deps

sqlite3下载及编译

复制代码 
call D:\software\build-deps\env.bat

cd /d D:\software\build-deps
curl -L -o sqlite.zip https://www.sqlite.org/2024/sqlite-amalgamation-3450100.zip
tar -xf sqlite.zip
cd sqlite-amalgamation-3450100

gcc -O2 ^
  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE=1 ^
  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA=1 ^
  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3=1 ^
  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS=1 ^
  -DSQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS=1 ^
  -c sqlite3.c

ar rcs libsqlite3.a sqlite3.o

copy /y libsqlite3.a D:\software\mingw73-deps\lib\
copy /y sqlite3.h    D:\software\mingw73-deps\include\
copy /y sqlite3ext.h D:\software\mingw73-deps\include\

curl下载及编译

复制代码 
call D:\software\build-deps\env.bat

curl -L -o curl-8.5.0.tar.gz https://curl.se/download/curl-8.5.0.tar.gz
tar -xf curl-8.5.0.tar.gz
cd curl-8.5.0
mkdir build & cd build

cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" ^
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/gcc.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/g++.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=D:/software/mingw73-deps ^
  -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON ^
  -DCURL_USE_OPENSSL=OFF ^
  -DCURL_USE_LIBSSH2=OFF ^
  -DCURL_DISABLE_LDAP=ON ^
  -DCURL_BROTLI=OFF ^
  -DCURL_ZSTD=OFF ^
  -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF

mingw32-make -j4
mingw32-make install

PROJ下载及编译

复制代码 
call D:\software\build-deps\env.bat

curl -L -o proj-8.2.1.tar.gz https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-8.2.1.tar.gz
tar -xf proj-8.2.1.tar.gz
cd proj-8.2.1
mkdir build & cd build

cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" ^
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/gcc.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/g++.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=D:/software/mingw73-deps ^
  -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON ^
  -DENABLE_TIFF=OFF ^
  -DENABLE_CURL=OFF ^
  -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF ^
  -DBUILD_APPS=OFF ^
  -DSQLite3_INCLUDE_DIR=D:/software/mingw73-deps/include ^
  -DSQLite3_LIBRARY=D:/software/mingw73-deps/lib/libsqlite3.a

mingw32-make -j4
mingw32-make install

GEOS下载及编译

复制代码 
call D:\software\build-deps\env.bat

curl -L -o geos-3.9.3.tar.bz2 https://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.9.3.tar.bz2
tar -xf geos-3.9.3.tar.bz2
cd geos-3.9.3
mkdir build & cd build

cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" ^
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/gcc.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/g++.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=D:/software/mingw73-deps ^
  -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON ^
  -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF

mingw32-make -j4
mingw32-make install
cd ..\..\..

dir D:\software\mingw73-deps\lib\libgeos*.dll.a

GDAL 3.5.2下载及编译

复制代码 
call D:\software\build-deps\env.bat

cd /d D:\software\build-deps\gdal-3.5.2
rmdir /s /q build
mkdir build & cd build

cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" ^
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/gcc.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/g++.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=D:/software/mingw73-deps ^
  -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON ^
  -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF ^
  -DBUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=OFF ^
  -DBUILD_JAVA_BINDINGS=OFF ^
  -DBUILD_CSHARP_BINDINGS=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_BUILD_OPTIONAL_DRIVERS=OFF ^
  -DOGR_BUILD_OPTIONAL_DRIVERS=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_ENABLE_DRIVER_GTIFF=ON ^
  -DOGR_ENABLE_DRIVER_GEOJSON=ON ^
  -DOGR_ENABLE_DRIVER_SHAPE=ON ^
  -DGDAL_USE_CURL=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_USE_OPENSSL=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_USE_EXPAT=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_USE_ICONV=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_USE_TIFF=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_USE_GEOTIFF=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_USE_ZLIB=OFF ^
  -DGDAL_USE_SQLITE3=ON ^
  -DGDAL_USE_GEOS=ON ^
  -DSQLite3_INCLUDE_DIR=D:/software/mingw73-deps/include ^
  -DSQLite3_LIBRARY=D:/software/mingw73-deps/lib/libsqlite3.a ^
  -DGEOS_INCLUDE_DIR=D:/software/mingw73-deps/include ^
  -DGEOS_LIBRARY=D:/software/mingw73-deps/lib/libgeos_c.dll.a ^
  -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-Wa,-mbig-obj" ^
  -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-Wa,-mbig-obj"

mingw32-make -j4
mingw32-make install

osgEarth 2.10.1下载及编译

复制代码 
call D:\software\build-deps\env.bat
curl -L -o osgearth-2.10.1 https://codeload.github.com/pelicanmapping/osgearth/tar.gz/refs/tags/osgearth-2.10.1

cd osgearth-2.10.1
mkdir build & cd build

cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" ^
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/gcc.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=D:/software/Qt5.12.10/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/g++.exe ^
  -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-DGEOS_INLINE" ^
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=D:/software/OpenSceneG/osgEarth-2.10.1-mingw ^
  -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=D:/software/mingw73-deps ^
  -DOSG_DIR=D:/software/OpenSceneG/install-mingw73 ^
  -DOPENTHREADS_LIBRARY=D:/software/OpenSceneG/install-mingw73/lib/libOpenThreads.dll.a ^
  -DGDAL_INCLUDE_DIR=D:/software/mingw73-deps/include ^
  -DGDAL_LIBRARY=D:/software/mingw73-deps/lib/libgdal.dll.a ^
  -DGEOS_INCLUDE_DIR=D:/software/mingw73-deps/include ^
  -DGEOS_LIBRARY=D:/software/mingw73-deps/lib/libgeos.dll.a ^
  -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR=D:/software/mingw73-deps/include ^
  -DCURL_LIBRARY=D:/software/mingw73-deps/lib/libcurl.dll.a ^
  -DSQLITE3_INCLUDE_DIR=D:/software/mingw73-deps/include ^
  -DSQLITE3_LIBRARY=D:/software/mingw73-deps/lib/libsqlite3.a ^
  -DBUILD_OSGEARTH_EXAMPLES=OFF ^
  -DBUILD_OSGEARTH_DOCS=OFF

mingw32-make -j4
mingw32-make install

注意，上面参数是关闭openssl的(-DCURL_USE_OPENSSL=OFF)，无 SSL 版只支持 http:// 在线图层。

环境配置

以上编译完成之后，需要做下环境配置：

在系统环境变量path中增加两个新增的路径

复制代码 
D:\software\OpenSceneG\osgEarth-2.10.1-mingw\bin;
D:\software\mingw73-deps\bin;

另外添加两个新变量：

变量名 值
GDAL_DATA D:\software\mingw73-deps\share\gdal
PROJ_LIB D:\software\mingw73-deps\share\proj

一个QT示例

复制代码 
#demo.pro文件
QT       += core gui widgets opengl
CONFIG   += c++14
DEFINES  += NOMINMAX
TEMPLATE  = app
TARGET    = osgearth_demo

OSG_DIR      = D:/software/OpenSceneG/install-mingw73
OSGEARTH_DIR = D:/software/OpenSceneG/osgEarth-2.10.1-mingw

INCLUDEPATH += $$OSG_DIR/include $$OSGEARTH_DIR/include
LIBS        += -L$$OSGEARTH_DIR/lib -L$$OSG_DIR/lib

# osgEarth 系
LIBS += -losgEarth -losgEarthFeatures -losgEarthSymbology -losgEarthUtil -losgEarthAnnotation
# OSG 系
LIBS += -losgViewer -losgDB -losgUtil -losgGA -losg -lOpenThreads
# 系统库
LIBS += -lopengl32 -lglu32

SOURCES += main.cpp

//main.cpp
// Qt 5.12 + osgEarth 2.10.1 + OSG 3.6.x (MinGW 7.3 x64)
#include <QApplication>
#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <QWheelEvent>

#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgViewer/GraphicsWindow>          // OSG 3.6: GraphicsWindowEmbedded 在这个头里
#include <osgGA/GUIEventAdapter>

#include <osgEarth/Map>
#include <osgEarth/MapNode>
#include <osgEarth/ImageLayer>               // 2.x:用通用 ImageLayer,没有 GDALImageLayer
#include <osgEarth/SpatialReference>
#include <osgEarth/GeoData>                  // GeoPoint 在这里
#include <osgEarth/Viewpoint>
#include <osgEarth/Units>                    // Angle / Distance / Units
#include <osgEarthUtil/EarthManipulator>     // 2.x:在 Util 库里
#include <osgEarthDrivers/gdal/GDALOptions>  // GDAL 驱动选项(纯头文件)

static const char* kWorldFile  = "D:/software/OSG/osgearth-2.10.1/data/world.tif";
static const char* kBostonFile = "D:/software/OSG/osgearth-2.10.1/data/boston-inset-wgs84.tif";

class EarthWidget : public QOpenGLWidget
{
public:
    explicit EarthWidget(QWidget* parent = nullptr) : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
    {
        setMouseTracking(true);
        setFocusPolicy(Qt::StrongFocus);

        QTimer* timer = new QTimer(this);
        connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, this,
                static_cast<void (QWidget::*)()>(&QWidget::update));
        timer->start(33);
    }

protected:
    void initializeGL() override
    {
        if (_viewer.valid()) return;

        // ---- 1) 组装地图:底图 + 高清切片 ----
        osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map = new osgEarth::Map();

        osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions worldOpt;
        worldOpt.url() = kWorldFile;
        map->addLayer(new osgEarth::ImageLayer("world", worldOpt));

        osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions bostonOpt;
        bostonOpt.url() = kBostonFile;
        map->addLayer(new osgEarth::ImageLayer("boston", bostonOpt));

        osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::MapNode> mapNode = new osgEarth::MapNode(map);

        // ---- 2) 视图器嵌入 Qt(OSG 3.6 新方法名/新签名) ----
        _viewer = new osgViewer::Viewer;
        _viewer->setThreadingModel(osgViewer::ViewerBase::SingleThreaded);
        _gw = _viewer->setUpViewerAsEmbeddedInWindow(0, 0, width(), height());

        osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator> manip =
            new osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator();
        _viewer->setCameraManipulator(manip.get());
        _viewer->setSceneData(mapNode.get());

        // 开场视角:全球视角(替代原来的波士顿特写)
        osgEarth::Viewpoint vp;
        vp.name() = std::string("World");
        vp.focalPoint() = osgEarth::GeoPoint(
            osgEarth::SpatialReference::get("wgs84"),
            -71.06, 42.36, 0.0, osgEarth::ALTMODE_ABSOLUTE);
        vp.heading() = osgEarth::Angle(0.0,   osgEarth::Units::DEGREES);
        vp.pitch()   = osgEarth::Angle(-90.0, osgEarth::Units::DEGREES);   // -90 = 正对地心俯视
        vp.range()   = osgEarth::Distance(30000000.0, osgEarth::Units::METERS);  // 30000 km,看全球
        manip->setViewpoint(vp);

        // 顺手把背景色从"OpenGL 默认绿/蓝"改成太空黑(这行加在 realize 之前)
        _viewer->getCamera()->setClearColor(osg::Vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.05f, 1.0f));
    }

    void resizeGL(int w, int h) override
    {
        if (_gw.valid())
        {
            _gw->resized(0, 0, w, h);
            _gw->getEventQueue()->windowResize(0, 0, w, h);
        }
    }

    void paintGL() override
    {
        if (_viewer.valid())
            _viewer->frame();
    }

    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* e) override
    {
        if (_gw.valid())
            _gw->getEventQueue()->mouseButtonPress(e->x(), height() - e->y(), osgButton(e));
    }
    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent* e) override
    {
        if (_gw.valid())
            _gw->getEventQueue()->mouseButtonRelease(e->x(), height() - e->y(), osgButton(e));
    }
    void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* e) override
    {
        if (_gw.valid())
            _gw->getEventQueue()->mouseMotion(e->x(), height() - e->y());
    }
    void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent* e) override
    {
        if (_gw.valid())
            _gw->getEventQueue()->mouseScroll(
                e->angleDelta().y() > 0 ? osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::SCROLL_UP
                                        : osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::SCROLL_DOWN);
    }

private:
    static int osgButton(QMouseEvent* e)
    {
        switch (e->button())
        {
        case Qt::LeftButton:   return osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::LEFT_MOUSE_BUTTON;
        case Qt::MiddleButton: return osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MIDDLE_MOUSE_BUTTON;
        case Qt::RightButton:  return osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::RIGHT_MOUSE_BUTTON;
        default:               return 0;
        }
    }

    osg::ref_ptr<osgViewer::Viewer>                    _viewer;
    osg::ref_ptr<osgViewer::GraphicsWindowEmbedded>    _gw;
};

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // 必须在 QApplication 之前设置
    qputenv("GDAL_DATA", "D:/software/mingw73-deps/share/gdal");
    qputenv("PROJ_LIB",  "D:/software/mingw73-deps/share/proj");

    QApplication app(argc, argv);

    EarthWidget w;
    w.setWindowTitle(QStringLiteral("Qt + osgEarth 2.10.1 (MinGW730_64)"));
    w.resize(1280, 720);
    w.show();

    return app.exec();
}

在initializeGL中，组装了两个世界地图和波士顿地图，地图文件是osgEarth自带的。

复制代码 
static const char* kWorldFile  = "D:/software/OSG/osgearth-2.10.1/data/world.tif";
static const char* kBostonFile = "D:/software/OSG/osgearth-2.10.1/data/boston-inset-wgs84.tif";
   
         // ---- 1) 组装地图:底图 + 高清切片 ----
        osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map = new osgEarth::Map();

        osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions worldOpt;
        worldOpt.url() = kWorldFile;
        map->addLayer(new osgEarth::ImageLayer("world", worldOpt));

        osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions bostonOpt;
        bostonOpt.url() = kBostonFile;
        map->addLayer(new osgEarth::ImageLayer("boston", bostonOpt));

效果图

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