RocketMQ支持的消息类型有三种:普通消息、顺序消息、延时消息、事务消息。以下内容的代码部分都是基于rocketmq-spring-boot-starter做的。
普通消息
普通消息是一种无序消息,消息分布在各个MessageQueue当中,以保证效率为第一使命。这种消息适用于对顺序没有要求的基础消费需求。这里的Topic和MessageQueue是多对多关系。
java
// 生产者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("rmq-group");
producer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
producer.setInstanceName("producer");
producer.start();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
Message msg = new Message("Topic-test", "testTag"
, (new Date() + " RocketMQ test msg " + i).getBytes());
SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg);
System.out.println(sendResult.getMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getMessageQueue());
System.out.println(sendResult.getSendStatus());
System.out.println(sendResult.getOffsetMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getQueueOffset());
System.out.println();
System.out.println("============================");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
producer.shutdown();
}
// 消费者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("rmq-group");
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
consumer.setInstanceName("consumer");
consumer.subscribe("Topic-test", "*");
consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
for (MessageExt messageExt : msgs) {
System.out.printf("%s Receive New Messages: %s %n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), new String(messageExt.getBody()));
}
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//启动消费者
consumer.start();
}
顺序消息
当我开始对消息的时序性有要求的时候,普通消息就无法满足我们的需求了。当我们要求顺序消费的时候,我们的Topic就不能采用多对多的形式,存放在多个MessageQueue中,而是需要牺牲一部分性能,存放在一个MessageQueue中。
java
// 生产者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("rmq-group");
producer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
producer.setInstanceName("producer");
producer.start();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
Message msg = new Message("Topic-test", "testTag"
, (new Date() + " RocketMQ test msg " + i).getBytes());
SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, (mqs, msg1, arg) -> mqs.get(0), null);
System.out.println(sendResult.getMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getMessageQueue());
System.out.println(sendResult.getSendStatus());
System.out.println(sendResult.getOffsetMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getQueueOffset());
System.out.println("RocketMQ test msg " + i);
System.out.println("============================");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
producer.shutdown();
}
// 消费者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("rmq-group");
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
consumer.setInstanceName("consumer");
consumer.subscribe("Topic-test", "*");
consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
// 跟普通消费不同的地方,这里采用了顺序消费方法。
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {
@Override
public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) {
for (MessageExt messageExt : msgs) {
System.out.printf("%s Receive New Messages: %s %n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), new String(messageExt.getBody()));
}
return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
}
});
//启动消费者
consumer.start();
}
延时消息
通过指定的通知时间间隔,让消息不会立刻被消费者收到。
java
// 生产者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("rmq-group");
producer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
producer.setInstanceName("producer");
producer.start();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
Message msg = new Message("Topic-test", "testTag"
, (new Date() + " RocketMQ test msg " + i).getBytes());
// 指定延时等级
// DelayTimeLevel对应的延时时间在服务端定义:rocketmq/store/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/store/config/MessageStoreConfig.java
// private String messageDelayLevel = "1s 5s 10s 30s 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 20m 30m 1h 2h";
msg.setDelayTimeLevel(4);
// 按毫秒延时
msg.setDelayTimeMs(1L);
// 按秒延时
msg.setDelayTimeSec(1);
SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg);
System.out.println(sendResult.getMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getMessageQueue());
System.out.println(sendResult.getSendStatus());
System.out.println(sendResult.getOffsetMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getQueueOffset());
System.out.println();
System.out.println("============================");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
producer.shutdown();
}
// 消费者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("rmq-group");
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
consumer.setInstanceName("consumer");
consumer.subscribe("Topic-test", "*");
consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
for (MessageExt messageExt : msgs) {
System.out.printf("Receive New Messages: %s At %s %n", new String(messageExt.getBody()), new Date());
}
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//启动消费者
consumer.start();
}
30秒的延迟
事务消息
事务消息是RocketMQ提供的一种高级的消息类型,支持在分布式场景下保障消息生产和本地事务的最终一致性。
事务消息的生命周期
(1)初始化:半事务消息被生产者构建并完成初始化,待发送到RocketMQ服务端的状态。
(2)事务待提交:半事务消息被发送到服务端,和普通消息不同,半事务消息并不会直接被服务端持久化,而是会被单独存储到事务存储系统中,等待第二阶段本地事务返回执行结果后再提交。此时消息对下游消费者不可见。
(3)消息回滚:第二阶段如果事务执行结果明确为回滚,服务端会将半事务消息回滚,该事务消息流程终止。
(4)提交事务待消费:第二阶段如果事务执行结果明确为提交,服务端会将半事务消息重新存储到普通存储系统中,此时消息对下游消费者可见。
(5)消费中:消息被消费者获取,并按照消费者本地的业务逻辑进行处理的过程。此时服务端会等待消费者完成消费并提交消费结果,如果一段时间后没有收到消费者的响应,服务端会对消息进行重试处理。
(6)消费完成:消费者完成了消费动作,并向服务端提交了消费结果,服务端标记当前消息已经被处理。
(7)消息删除:服务端按照消息保存机制滚动清理最早的消息数据,将消息从物理文件中删除。
java
// 生产者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
TransactionMQProducer producer = new TransactionMQProducer("rmq-group");
TransactionListener listener = new TransactionListenerImpl();
producer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
producer.setInstanceName("producer");
producer.setTransactionListener(listener);
producer.start();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
Message msg = new Message("Topic-test", "testTag"
, (new Date() + " RocketMQ test msg " + i).getBytes());
SendResult sendResult = producer.sendMessageInTransaction(msg, null);
System.out.println(new Date());
System.out.println(sendResult.getMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getMessageQueue());
System.out.println(sendResult.getSendStatus());
System.out.println(sendResult.getOffsetMsgId());
System.out.println(sendResult.getQueueOffset());
System.out.println();
System.out.println("============================");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
producer.shutdown();
}
// 消费者
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("rmq-group");
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("172.16.200.38:9876");
consumer.setInstanceName("consumer");
consumer.subscribe("Topic-test", "*");
consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
for (MessageExt messageExt : msgs) {
System.out.printf("Receive New Messages: %s At %s %n", new String(messageExt.getBody()), new Date());
}
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//启动消费者
consumer.start();
}
控制台打印
java
// 生产者控制台打印
Wed Jul 26 17:55:45 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 0 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行失败,回滚
Wed Jul 26 17:55:45 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497DE420000
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=1]
SEND_OK
null
93
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:46 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 1 : executeLocalTransaction:未知状态
Wed Jul 26 17:55:46 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497E2340001
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=2]
SEND_OK
null
94
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:47 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 2 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行失败,回滚
Wed Jul 26 17:55:47 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497E6230002
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=3]
SEND_OK
null
95
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:48 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 3 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行成功,提交
Wed Jul 26 17:55:48 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497EA180003
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=0]
SEND_OK
null
96
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:49 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 4 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行失败,回滚
Wed Jul 26 17:55:49 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497EE0B0004
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=1]
SEND_OK
null
97
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:50 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 5 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行成功,提交
Wed Jul 26 17:55:50 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497F1F70005
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=2]
SEND_OK
null
98
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:51 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 6 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行成功,提交
Wed Jul 26 17:55:51 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497F5EC0006
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=3]
SEND_OK
null
99
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:52 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 7 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行失败,回滚
Wed Jul 26 17:55:52 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497F9E50007
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=0]
SEND_OK
null
100
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:53 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 8 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行失败,回滚
Wed Jul 26 17:55:53 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E938497FDD30008
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=1]
SEND_OK
null
101
============================
Wed Jul 26 17:55:54 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 9 : executeLocalTransaction:事务执行成功,提交
Wed Jul 26 17:55:54 CST 2023
7F00000154F073D16E93849801C90009
MessageQueue [topic=Topic-test, brokerName=localhost.localdomain, queueId=2]
SEND_OK
null
102
============================
// 消费者控制台打印
Receive New Messages: Wed Jul 26 17:55:50 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 5 At Wed Jul 26 17:55:50 CST 2023
Receive New Messages: Wed Jul 26 17:55:51 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 6 At Wed Jul 26 17:55:51 CST 2023
Receive New Messages: Wed Jul 26 17:55:54 CST 2023 RocketMQ test msg 9 At Wed Jul 26 17:55:54 CST 2023
这里消费者只收到了执行事务成功的5,6,9。