Android 动画之插值器PathInterpolator

Android 的View动画、属性动画都可以设置动画插值器,以此来实现不同的动画效果。

这篇文章 Android View动画整理 有介绍各种插值器的效果,这一篇专访 PathInterpolator

参考官网 添加曲线动作

PathInterpolator 基于 贝塞尔曲线Path 对象。此插值器在一个 1x1 的正方形内指定一个动作曲线,定位点位于 (0,0) 和 (1,1),而控制点则使用构造函数参数指定。

简单来说就是,通过控制点来构造出 (0,0) 到 (1,1) 之间的任意曲线,让动画按照构造出的曲线来执行。

PathInterpolator 和其他动画插值器的使用是一样的,PathInterpolator 的优势是可以创建任意曲线来实现不同的动画效果,劣势是比较难绘制出满意的曲线,毕竟涉及了数学公式。

贝塞尔曲线

贝塞尔曲线的相关说明:
贝塞尔曲线_百度百科
从零开始学图形学:10分钟看懂贝塞尔曲线
曲线篇: 贝塞尔曲线

贝塞尔曲线在线测试网站:
Bezier Curve Demos
cubic-bezier
贝塞尔曲线在线绘制🚀

PathInterpolator 的构造函数,

  • PathInterpolator(Path path) :利用 Path 对象创建插值器。
  • PathInterpolator(float controlX, float controlY) :传入一个控制点坐标(controlX,controlY),构造二维贝塞尔曲线插值器。
  • PathInterpolator(float controlX1, float controlY1, float controlX2, float controlY2) :传入两个控制点坐标 (controlX1,controlY1 )、(controlX2, controlY2),构造三维贝塞尔曲线插值器。
  • PathInterpolator(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) :通过 AttributeSet 加载插值器。

1. PathInterpolator(Path path)

先看通过 PathInterpolator(Path path) 构建。

1.1 Path

构造函数,直接 new Path 创建即可。

	/**
     * Create an empty path
     */
    public Path() {
        mNativePath = nInit();
        sRegistry.registerNativeAllocation(this, mNativePath);
    }

1.2 Path.moveTo

移动到指定坐标

/**
     * Set the beginning of the next contour to the point (x,y).
     *
     * @param x The x-coordinate of the start of a new contour
     * @param y The y-coordinate of the start of a new contour
     */
    public void moveTo(float x, float y) {
        nMoveTo(mNativePath, x, y);
    }

1.3 Path.lineTo(float x, float y)

从上一个点绘制一条线到给定的点 (x,y),显而易见,给的坐标决定了动画效果。

	/**
     * Add a line from the last point to the specified point (x,y).
     * If no moveTo() call has been made for this contour, the first point is
     * automatically set to (0,0).
     *
     * @param x The x-coordinate of the end of a line
     * @param y The y-coordinate of the end of a line
     */
    public void lineTo(float x, float y) {
        isSimplePath = false;
        nLineTo(mNativePath, x, y);
    }

走直线

看如下代码,X 轴 、Y 轴 都移动一段距离,X 轴 、Y 轴 都用 LinearInterpolator ,

ObjectAnimator animationX = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationX",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
animationX.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());

ObjectAnimator animationY = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationY",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
animationY.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());

AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
set.playTogether(animationX, animationY);
set.setDuration(5000).start();

动画效果, imageViewIcon 按照对角线移动。

动画轨迹是起点、终点之间的直线,Path.lineTo 画线正合适, 用 PathInterpolator 来实现同样的效果, Go ~

		Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(0f,0f);
        path.lineTo(0.25f,0.25f);
        path.lineTo(0.5f,0.5f);
        path.lineTo(0.75f,0.75f);
        path.lineTo(1f,1f);
        PathInterpolator pathInterpolator = new PathInterpolator(path);

        ObjectAnimator animationX = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationX",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
        animationX.setInterpolator(pathInterpolator);

        ObjectAnimator animationY = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationY",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
        animationY.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());

        AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
        set.playTogether(animationX,animationY);
        set.setDuration(5000).start();

使用也简单,三大步:

  • 创建 Path ,选取了 5 个点(可以更多)来绘制 (0f,0f) 到 (1f,1f) 的曲线(效果是直线,直线 ∈ 曲线)。
  • 通过 Path 创建 PathInterpolator 。
  • 动画指定用创建的 pathInterpolator 。控制变量法,X 轴用新创建的 pathInterpolator , Y 轴继续用 LinearInterpolator 。

效果,

肉眼看不出和 LinearInterpolator 的差别。

走折线

走折线就是走多条直接嘛,

例,

		Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(0,0);
        path.lineTo(322,0);
        //path.lineTo(322,322);
        path.lineTo(-322,322);
        path.lineTo(-322,-322);
        path.lineTo(322,-322);
        path.lineTo(322,0);
        path.lineTo(0,0);

        ObjectAnimator animationX = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewRed, "translationX","translationY", path);
        animationX.setDuration(8000).start();


1.4 Path.arcTo(float left, float top, float right, float bottom, float startAngle,float sweepAngle, boolean forceMoveTo)

画弧,

通过前4个参数确定矩形,从而得到椭圆圆心,

startAngle 是起始位置相对于圆心的角度,sweepAngle 是相对于圆心需要旋转的角度,两者可以确定起始角度,

有圆心,有角度,弧形不就出来了。

	/**
     * Append the specified arc to the path as a new contour. If the start of
     * the path is different from the path's current last point, then an
     * automatic lineTo() is added to connect the current contour to the
     * start of the arc. However, if the path is empty, then we call moveTo()
     * with the first point of the arc.
     *
     * @param startAngle  Starting angle (in degrees) where the arc begins
     * @param sweepAngle  Sweep angle (in degrees) measured clockwise, treated
     *                    mod 360.
     * @param forceMoveTo If true, always begin a new contour with the arc
     */
    public void arcTo(float left, float top, float right, float bottom, float startAngle,
            float sweepAngle, boolean forceMoveTo) {
        isSimplePath = false;
        nArcTo(mNativePath, left, top, right, bottom, startAngle, sweepAngle, forceMoveTo);
    }

如下代码,走个半圆的动画,

(icon 宽度和黑色线的位置是计算好距离的)

Path path = new Path();
path.arcTo(-imageViewGreen.getWidth()*4, 0, imageViewGreen.getWidth()*4, imageViewGreen.getWidth()*8, 270f, 180f, true);
ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, View.X, View.Y, path); // 注释1
animator.setDuration(5000);
animator.start();

看注释1 处,用的是 View.X, View.Y 参数,这个例子下和用 "translationX", "translationY" 是一样的效果。

运行效果,

附图说明,

图解,

解释下 path.arcTo(-imageViewGreen.getWidth()*4, 0, imageViewGreen.getWidth()*4, imageViewGreen.getWidth()*8, 270f, 180f, true); 代码参数,

  • 点 A :图片原始位置,也是动画开始位置。(注意:动画开始位置可以不是图片原始位置)
  • 绿色箭头 j3 :动画轨迹,本例是半圆。
  • 点 B :动画结束位置。
  • 黄色框左上角 P1 :点 P1 由 点A 来确定,以动画开始位置为(0,0) ,它的坐标是 (-imageViewGreen.getWidth()*4, 0)。
  • 黄色框右下角 P2 :点 P2 由 点A 来确定,以动画开始位置为(0,0) ,
    它的坐标是 (imageViewGreen.getWidth()*4, imageViewGreen.getWidth()*8)。
  • 蓝色线交汇点 O :黄色框左上角点 P1 和黄色框右下角点 P2 确定了矩形(本例是正方向,正方形 ∈ 矩形),得到了最大内切红色椭圆(本例是正圆,正圆 ∈ 椭圆),确定了圆心点 O 。这个圆心是弧形的圆心,也就是动画旋转的中心。
  • 动画坐标系 :以点 O 为 圆心得到了动画坐标系,点O 的右方向是 0° ,下方向是 90° 。
    按照 j1 旋转为正角度,顺时针旋转为正角度,逆时针旋转为负角度。
    startAngle 是 A 点对于圆心O来说需要转 270° ,本例就是 270f 。
    sweepAngle 是需要旋转的角度,按照 j1 旋转为正角度,本例是 180f ,即顺时针旋转 180° 。

    很绕,捋一捋。如果错误,也请指正。

1.5 Path.arcTo(RectF oval, float startAngle, float sweepAngle)

arcTo 方法的重载,通过 android.graphics.RectF 画弧 。

RectF 的构造函数如下,也是通过给定的四个点来确定矩形,然后画弧。

	/**
     * Create a new rectangle with the specified coordinates. Note: no range
     * checking is performed, so the caller must ensure that left <= right and
     * top <= bottom.
     *
     * @param left   The X coordinate of the left side of the rectangle
     * @param top    The Y coordinate of the top of the rectangle
     * @param right  The X coordinate of the right side of the rectangle
     * @param bottom The Y coordinate of the bottom of the rectangle
     */
    public RectF(float left, float top, float right, float bottom) {
        this.left = left;
        this.top = top;
        this.right = right;
        this.bottom = bottom;
    }

示例,

Path path = new Path();
path.arcTo(new RectF(-imageViewGreen.getWidth() * 3,0,imageViewGreen.getWidth() * 3,imageViewGreen.getWidth() * 6),270,-359);
ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewGreen, "translationX", "translationY", path);//注释 2
animator.setDuration(5000);
animator.start();

看注释2 处,用的是 "translationX", "translationY" 参数,这个例子下和用 View.X, View.Y 是不一样的效果。

效果,绿球绕着红球逆时针旋转 359° ,

相关参数说明和 1.4 章节的一样。

最后一个参数 sweepAngle 有限制,

  • 传 -360 无动画效果,传 -450 实际上是旋转 -90 的效果。
  • 传 360 无动画效果,传 450 实际上是旋转 90 的效果。

就想要无限循环怎么办?na~ : animator.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE);

1.5 Path.quadTo

Path.quadTo ,绘制二阶贝塞尔曲线。起点是 (0,0), 终点是(x2,y2),控制点是(x1,y1) ,

/**
     * Add a quadratic bezier from the last point, approaching control point
     * (x1,y1), and ending at (x2,y2). If no moveTo() call has been made for
     * this contour, the first point is automatically set to (0,0).
     *
     * @param x1 The x-coordinate of the control point on a quadratic curve
     * @param y1 The y-coordinate of the control point on a quadratic curve
     * @param x2 The x-coordinate of the end point on a quadratic curve
     * @param y2 The y-coordinate of the end point on a quadratic curve
     */
    public void quadTo(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2) {
        isSimplePath = false;
        nQuadTo(mNativePath, x1, y1, x2, y2);
    }

		Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(0,0);

        //二阶贝塞尔曲线
        path.quadTo(400,1300,imageViewGreen.getWidth()*5,imageViewGreen.getWidth()*5);

        ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, View.X, View.Y, path);
        animator.setDuration(5000);
        animator.start();


1.6 Path.cubicTo

Path.cubicTo,绘制三阶阶贝塞尔曲线,起点是 (0,0), 终点是(x3,y3),控制点是(x1,y1) 和 (x2,y2) 。

	/**
     * Add a cubic bezier from the last point, approaching control points
     * (x1,y1) and (x2,y2), and ending at (x3,y3). If no moveTo() call has been
     * made for this contour, the first point is automatically set to (0,0).
     *
     * @param x1 The x-coordinate of the 1st control point on a cubic curve
     * @param y1 The y-coordinate of the 1st control point on a cubic curve
     * @param x2 The x-coordinate of the 2nd control point on a cubic curve
     * @param y2 The y-coordinate of the 2nd control point on a cubic curve
     * @param x3 The x-coordinate of the end point on a cubic curve
     * @param y3 The y-coordinate of the end point on a cubic curve
     */
    public void cubicTo(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2,
                        float x3, float y3) {
        isSimplePath = false;
        nCubicTo(mNativePath, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3);
    }

		Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(0,0);
        path.rCubicTo(1500,100,700,1300,imageViewGreen.getWidth()*5,imageViewGreen.getWidth()*5);

        ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, View.X, View.Y, path);
        animator.setDuration(5000);
        animator.start();


2. PathInterpolator(float controlX, float controlY)

绘制二阶贝塞尔曲线。起点是 (0,0), 终点是(1,1),控制点是(controlX, controlY) ,

	/**
     * Create an interpolator for a quadratic Bezier curve. The end points
     * <code>(0, 0)</code> and <code>(1, 1)</code> are assumed.
     *
     * @param controlX The x coordinate of the quadratic Bezier control point.
     * @param controlY The y coordinate of the quadratic Bezier control point.
     */
    public PathInterpolator(float controlX, float controlY) {
        initQuad(controlX, controlY);
    }
	
	// ...
	
	private void initQuad(float controlX, float controlY) {
        Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(0, 0);
        path.quadTo(controlX, controlY, 1f, 1f);
        initPath(path);
    }

例,

		PathInterpolator interpolator = new PathInterpolator(0.1f,0.9f);
        ObjectAnimator animationX = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationX",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
        animationX.setInterpolator(interpolator);

        ObjectAnimator animationY = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationY",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
        animationY.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());

        AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
        set.playTogether(animationX,animationY);
        set.setDuration(5000).start();


3. PathInterpolator(float controlX1, float controlY1, float controlX2, float controlY2)

绘制三阶阶贝塞尔曲线,起点是 (0,0), 终点是(1, 1),控制点是(controlX1,controlY1) 和 (controlX2,controlY2) 。

	/**
     * Create an interpolator for a cubic Bezier curve.  The end points
     * <code>(0, 0)</code> and <code>(1, 1)</code> are assumed.
     *
     * @param controlX1 The x coordinate of the first control point of the cubic Bezier.
     * @param controlY1 The y coordinate of the first control point of the cubic Bezier.
     * @param controlX2 The x coordinate of the second control point of the cubic Bezier.
     * @param controlY2 The y coordinate of the second control point of the cubic Bezier.
     */
    public PathInterpolator(float controlX1, float controlY1, float controlX2, float controlY2) {
        initCubic(controlX1, controlY1, controlX2, controlY2);
    }

	// ...
	
	private void initCubic(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2) {
        Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(0, 0);
        path.cubicTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, 1f, 1f);
        initPath(path);
    }

例,

		PathInterpolator interpolator = new PathInterpolator(0, 1f ,1f,0);
        ObjectAnimator animationX = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationX",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
        animationX.setInterpolator(interpolator);

        ObjectAnimator animationY = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(imageViewIcon, "translationY",imageViewIcon.getWidth() * 5);
        animationY.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());

        AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
        set.playTogether(animationX,animationY);
        set.setDuration(5000).start();

图,

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