解决M2苹果芯片Mac无法安装python=3.7的虚拟环境

问题描述

conda无法安装python=3.7的虚拟环境：

bash 复制代码

conda create -n py37 python=3.7

出现错误

bash 复制代码

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda create -n alas python==3.7.6 -y
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed

PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:

  - python==3.7.6

Current channels:

  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-arm64
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-arm64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/osx-arm64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch

To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
looking for, navigate to

    https://anaconda.org

and use the search bar at the top of the page.

查看channel中可安装python的版本

bash 复制代码

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda search --full --name python
Loading channels: done
# Name                       Version           Build  Channel             
python                        3.8.11      hbdb9e5c_5  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.13      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.13      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.15      h266c4f5_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.15      hc0d8a6c_2  pkgs/main           
python                         3.9.6      hc70090a_5  pkgs/main           
python                         3.9.7      hc70090a_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.11      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.11      hbdb9e5c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.12      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.12      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.13      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.13      hbdb9e5c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.15      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.15      hc0d8a6c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_3  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_5  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.3      hbdb9e5c_5  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.4      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.6      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.6      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.8      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.8      hc0d8a6c_1  pkgs/main

发现channel中最低版本为3.8.11

问题原因

根据Stackoverflow上面的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70205633/cannot-install-python-3-7-on-osx-arm64

以及CSDN问答：https://ask.csdn.net/questions/7631935

原因应该是（机翻）：

当Apple Silicon投放市场时，Python 3.8已经发布了大约一年的时间，因此用于osx-arm64的Python 3.7构建从来不是Conda Forge常规构建矩阵的一部分。

在Apple Silicon系统上使用3.7的直接替代方法是使用Rosetta模拟x86_64，或者使用容器系统，例如Docker。

长期来看，您可以尝试请求python-feedstock包含osx-arm64的3.7版本。然而，从技术上讲，3.7.12(2021年9月)是最终的特性版本，现在已经进入了仅维护阶段(参见PEP 537)。此外，其他构建特定于python版本的变体的包不会为osx-arm64构建，因此即使有python=3.7，这些包也不会在那里(至少不会通过Conda)。基本上，我不认为有人会接受这个。

解决办法

用罗赛塔转换成X86架构来运行这个。

bash 复制代码

## 创建一个空的环境
conda create -n py37
 
## 启动该环境
conda activate py37
 
## 使用x86_64 architecture channel(s)
conda config --env --set subdir osx-64
 
## 安装python3.7之类的操作  install python, numpy, etc. (add more packages here...)
conda install python=3.7

实例

bash 复制代码

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda create -n alas               
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done


==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 22.9.0
  latest version: 22.11.0

Please update conda by running

    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda



## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /Users/yuki/opt/anaconda3/envs/alas



Proceed ([y]/n)? y

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate alas
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

Retrieving notices: ...working... done
(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda activas alas

CommandNotFoundError: No command 'conda activas'.
Did you mean 'conda activate'?

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda activate alas
(alas) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda config --env --set subdir osx-64
(alas) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda install python=3.7.6    
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done


==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 22.9.0
  latest version: 22.11.0

Please update conda by running

    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda



## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /Users/yuki/opt/anaconda3/envs/alas

  added / updated specs:
    - python=3.7.6


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    ca-certificates-2022.10.11 |       hecd8cb5_0         125 KB  defaults
    certifi-2022.9.24          |   py37hecd8cb5_0         155 KB  defaults
    libcxx-14.0.6              |       h9765a3e_0         968 KB  defaults
    libedit-3.1.20210910       |       hca72f7f_0         139 KB  defaults
    libffi-3.2.1               |                1          37 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
    ncurses-6.3                |       hca72f7f_3         857 KB  defaults
    openssl-1.1.1s             |       hca72f7f_0         2.8 MB  defaults
    pip-22.2.2                 |   py37hecd8cb5_0         2.3 MB  defaults
    python-3.7.6               |       h359304d_2        19.8 MB  defaults
    readline-7.0               |       h1de35cc_5         316 KB  defaults
    setuptools-65.5.0          |   py37hecd8cb5_0         1.1 MB  defaults
    sqlite-3.33.0              |       hffcf06c_0         1.3 MB  defaults
    tk-8.6.11                  |       h7bc2e8c_0         3.0 MB  defaults
    xz-5.2.8                   |       h6c40b1e_0         262 KB  defaults
    zlib-1.2.11                |                0          98 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        33.2 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  ca-certificates    pkgs/main/osx-64::ca-certificates-2022.10.11-hecd8cb5_0 None
  certifi            pkgs/main/osx-64::certifi-2022.9.24-py37hecd8cb5_0 None
  libcxx             pkgs/main/osx-64::libcxx-14.0.6-h9765a3e_0 None
  libedit            pkgs/main/osx-64::libedit-3.1.20210910-hca72f7f_0 None
  libffi             anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-64::libffi-3.2.1-1 None
  ncurses            pkgs/main/osx-64::ncurses-6.3-hca72f7f_3 None
  openssl            pkgs/main/osx-64::openssl-1.1.1s-hca72f7f_0 None
  pip                pkgs/main/osx-64::pip-22.2.2-py37hecd8cb5_0 None
  python             pkgs/main/osx-64::python-3.7.6-h359304d_2 None
  readline           pkgs/main/osx-64::readline-7.0-h1de35cc_5 None
  setuptools         pkgs/main/osx-64::setuptools-65.5.0-py37hecd8cb5_0 None
  sqlite             pkgs/main/osx-64::sqlite-3.33.0-hffcf06c_0 None
  tk                 pkgs/main/osx-64::tk-8.6.11-h7bc2e8c_0 None
  wheel              pkgs/main/noarch::wheel-0.37.1-pyhd3eb1b0_0 None
  xz                 pkgs/main/osx-64::xz-5.2.8-h6c40b1e_0 None
  zlib               anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-64::zlib-1.2.11-0 None


Proceed ([y]/n)? y


Downloading and Extracting Packages
libedit-3.1.20210910 | 139 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
xz-5.2.8             | 262 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
readline-7.0         | 316 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
certifi-2022.9.24    | 155 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
python-3.7.6         | 19.8 MB   | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
ca-certificates-2022 | 125 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
tk-8.6.11            | 3.0 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
libffi-3.2.1         | 37 KB     | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
sqlite-3.33.0        | 1.3 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
zlib-1.2.11          | 98 KB     | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
pip-22.2.2           | 2.3 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
libcxx-14.0.6        | 968 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
ncurses-6.3          | 857 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
setuptools-65.5.0    | 1.1 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
openssl-1.1.1s       | 2.8 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
Retrieving notices: ...working... done