解释说明:将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示
UML 结构图:
抽象建造者(Builder):这个接口规定要实现复杂对象的那些部分的创建,并不设计具体部件对象的创建
具体建造者(ConcreteBuilder):实现 Builder 的接口,完成复杂产品的各个部件的具体创建方法。在构造过程完成后,提供产品的实例
产品(Product):要创建的复杂对象
指挥者(Director):调用具体建造者来创建复杂对象的各个部分,在指导者中不涉及具体产品的信息,只负责保证对象各部分完整创建或按照某种顺序创建
优点:
建造者独立,易于扩展
便于控制细节风险
缺点:
产品必须有共同点,范围有限制
如果内部变化复杂,将会有很多的建造类
适用场景
需要生成的对象具有复杂的内部结构
需要生成的对象内部属性本身相互依赖
考虑这样一个场景,如下图:
Jungle想要建造一栋简易的房子(地板、墙和天花板),两个工程师带着各自的方案找上门来,直接给Jungle看方案和效果图。犹豫再三,Jungle最终选定了一位工程师......交房之日,Jungle满意的看着建好的房子,开始思考:这房子究竟是怎么建成的呢?这地板、墙和天花板是怎么建造的呢?工程师笑着说:"It's none of your business"
cpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 电脑
class Computer
{
public:
void SetmCpu(string cpu) { m_strCpu = cpu; }
void SetmMainboard(string mainboard) { m_strMainboard = mainboard; }
void SetmRam(string ram) { m_strRam = ram; }
void SetVideoCard(string videoCard) { m_strVideoCard = videoCard; }
string GetCPU() { return m_strCpu; }
string GetMainboard() { return m_strMainboard; }
string GetRam() { return m_strRam; }
string GetVideoCard() { return m_strVideoCard; }
private:
string m_strCpu; // CPU
string m_strMainboard; // 主板
string m_strRam; // 内存
string m_strVideoCard; // 显卡
};
#include "product.h"
/****建造者模式 Builder******/
// 建造者接口,组装流程
class IBuilder
{
public:
virtual void BuildCpu() = 0; // 创建 CPU
virtual void BuildMainboard() = 0; // 创建主板
virtual void BuildRam() = 0; // 创建内存
virtual void BuildVideoCard() = 0; // 创建显卡
virtual Computer* GetResult() = 0; // 获取建造后的产品
};
// ThinkPad 系列
class ThinkPadBuilder : public IBuilder
{
public:
ThinkPadBuilder() { m_pComputer = new Computer(); }
void BuildCpu() { m_pComputer->SetmCpu("i5-6200U"); }
void BuildMainboard() { m_pComputer->SetmMainboard("Intel DH57DD"); }
void BuildRam() { m_pComputer->SetmRam("DDR4"); }
void BuildVideoCard() { m_pComputer->SetVideoCard("NVIDIA Geforce 920MX"); }
Computer* GetResult() { return m_pComputer; }
private:
Computer* m_pComputer;
};
// Yoga 系列
class YogaBuilder : public IBuilder
{
public:
YogaBuilder() { m_pComputer = new Computer(); }
void BuildCpu() { m_pComputer->SetmCpu("i7-7500U"); }
void BuildMainboard() { m_pComputer->SetmMainboard("Intel DP55KG"); }
void BuildRam() { m_pComputer->SetmRam("DDR5"); }
void BuildVideoCard() { m_pComputer->SetVideoCard("NVIDIA GeForce 940MX"); }
Computer* GetResult() { return m_pComputer; }
private:
Computer* m_pComputer;
};
#include "builder.h"
// 构造指挥官
class Direcror
{
public:
void Create(IBuilder* builder) {
builder->BuildCpu();
builder->BuildMainboard();
builder->BuildRam();
builder->BuildVideoCard();
}
};
#include "builder.h"
#include "director.h"
#include <string>
#ifndef SAFE_DELETE
#define SAFE_DELETE(p) { if(p){delete(p); (p)=NULL;} }
#endif
int main()
{
Direcror* pDirecror = new Direcror();
ThinkPadBuilder* pTPBuilder = new ThinkPadBuilder();
YogaBuilder* pYogaBuilder = new YogaBuilder();
// 组装 ThinkPad、Yoga
pDirecror->Create(pTPBuilder);
pDirecror->Create(pYogaBuilder);
// 获取组装后的电脑
Computer* pThinkPadComputer = pTPBuilder->GetResult();
Computer* pYogaComputer = pYogaBuilder->GetResult();
// 测试输出
cout << "-----ThinkPad-----" << endl;
cout << "CPU: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetCPU() << endl;
cout << "Mainboard: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetMainboard() << endl;
cout << "Ram: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetRam() << endl;
cout << "VideoCard: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetVideoCard() << endl;
cout << "-----Yoga-----" << endl;
cout << "CPU: " << pYogaComputer->GetCPU() << endl;
cout << "Mainboard: " << pYogaComputer->GetMainboard() << endl;
cout << "Ram: " << pYogaComputer->GetRam() << endl;
cout << "VideoCard: " << pYogaComputer->GetVideoCard() << endl;
SAFE_DELETE(pThinkPadComputer);
SAFE_DELETE(pYogaComputer);
SAFE_DELETE(pTPBuilder);
SAFE_DELETE(pYogaBuilder);
SAFE_DELETE(pDirecror);
getchar();
return 0;
}