python 在window对exe、注册表、bat、系统服务操作等实例讲解

目录

前言：

1、python准备工作

具体操作实例

实例1：调用exe文件

实例2：调用bat批处理文件

实例3：调用mis安装文件

[实例4： 操作注册表](#实例4： 操作注册表)

[实例5： window系统服务的操作](#实例5： window系统服务的操作)

完整代码

---

前言：

正在做的项目已经在中后期，需要一些工具链来节省开发，用python脚本实现自动化工具。以一个我写的python脚本为例，供大家参考。接着要讲的python包含如下内容：调用exe运行程序、调用mis安装文件、和批处理文件，创建、开启、关闭window服务、设置系统变量等。这里就以我做的几个为例，安装Java jdk、redis等作为实例来讲解，以供大家参考。

1、python准备工作

下载python版本，下载页面：Python Releases for Windows | Python.org，具体怎么安装，请在网上搜索即可，安装python不是本文需要讲的重点。

选定一个编辑器，当然你可以也不选择，用普通文本编辑或其他编辑器都可以，但是我喜欢用编辑器编辑python代码。我选定的ide是 Pycharm社区版本。

下载python社区版本

Download PyCharm: Python IDE for Professional Developers by JetBrains

具体操作实例

实例1：调用exe文件

调用exe可执行文件，需要引用subprocess库文件

import subprocess

python函数执行代码如下：

def runExe(path):
    try:


        process = subprocess.Popen([path])


        # 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值
        stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

        # 判断程序是否正常结束

        if process.returncode == 0:
            print(f'运行' + path + '成功')
            return process.returncode
        else:
            return process.returncode

    except Exception as e:
        print(f'安装'+ path+'异常：'+str(e))
        return -1

在这里我们用到subprocess库运行exe文件；**process.communicate()**等待窗关闭，并执行接下来的代码

实例2：调用bat批处理文件

直接运行install_Redis.bat批处理文件

# 安装redis
def install_redis(curr_path):
    print('开始安装_redis')

    redis_path = curr_path + '\install\Redis-x64-5.0.14.1\install_Redis.bat'
    print('redis_path 路径' + redis_path)
    runBat('redis',redis_path)

这里把调用bat文件直接封装成一个函数,同样需要用到subprocess库，不过等待返回结果是：process.check_returncode()

# 运行批处理，name，定义批处理的名称，批处理curr_path实际的完整路径
def runBat(name, curr_path):
    print(name + ' 路径' + curr_path)
    try:

        process = subprocess.run([curr_path])

        # 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值
        process.check_returncode()
        print(process.stdout)

        # 判断程序是否正常结束
        if process.returncode == 0:
            print(f'运行完' + name)
        else:
            print(f'程序执行失败，返回值为 {process.returncode}')
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'运行bat文件%s,发生异常 %s' % (curr_path, str(e)))

实例3：调用mis安装文件

调用mis文件与调用exe文件他们同样需要使用subprocess库，但是有些许的不同，主要表现在subprocess.Popen的参数上和返回值上，具体看如下代码：

# 安装mongodb
def install_mongodb(curr_path):
    print(f'开始安装_mongodb')
    mongdb_path = curr_path + r'\install\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2012plus-4.2.17-signed.msi'
    print(f'mongdb_path 路径' + mongdb_path)
    try:
        process = subprocess.Popen(['msiexec', '/i', mongdb_path])

        # 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值
        while True:
            if process.poll() is not None:
                print(mongdb_path + ' 文件执行完毕')
                break;
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'安装mongodb 失败 %s ' % str(e))

这里subprocess.Popen用到参数数组['msiexec', '/i', mongdb_path]

实例4： 操作注册表

操作注册表我们需要引用的库为winreg

import winreg

实例代码如下：

# 设置注册表信息
def setWinregKey(regKey, path):
    print(f'创建 {regKey} 环境变量')
    # 打开注册表
    key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, 'Environment', 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)

    # 添加环境变量
    winreg.SetValueEx(key, regKey, 0, winreg.REG_SZ, path)
    winreg.FlushKey(key)

    winreg.CloseKey(key)

实例5： window系统服务的操作

对于window服务，同样我们需要用到subprocess库，以我自己注册zookeeper服务为例

# 安装 zookeeper，并启动zookeeper服务
def install_zookeeper(curr_path):
    print(f'创建zookeeper环境变量')
    setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_HOME', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin')
    setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_SERVICE', 'zookeeper_service')

    try:
        if service_exists('zookeeper_service'):
            cmdRun(['net', 'stop', 'zookeeper_service'])
            cmdRun(['sc', 'delete', 'zookeeper_service'])

        runBat('zookeeper', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper' + r'\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin\bin\Install.bat')

        cmdRun(['net', "start", 'zookeeper_service'])

    except Exception as e:
        print(u'%s' % (str(e)))

该函数功能是：判断zookeeper服务是否存在，如果存在，关闭并删除，并启动bat文件注册zookeeper服务，并启动zookeeper服务

自己定义的函数：

运行cmd单条命令函数processRun：

# 执行cmd命令，如：开启服务 window服务net start zookeeper_service
def cmdRun(args):
    try:
        ret = subprocess.run(args, check=True)
        # ret.returncode 返回int类型，0 则执行成功
        ret.check_returncode()
        print('ret.returncode: %d' % ret.returncode)
        print('ret.stdout: %s' % ret.stdout)

    except Exception as e:
        print(f'运行命令 %s 发生异常' % (str(e)))

判断服务是否存在函数:

通过sc query [service_name]命令查询服务器是否存在

# 判断服务是否存在
def service_exists(service_name):
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(['sc', 'query', service_name])
        return True
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        return False

完整代码

最后这里给出完整代码供大家作个简单的参考，可能有些遗漏或有瑕疵的地方，这里主要是抛砖引玉。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This is a sample Python script.

# Press Shift+F10 to execute it or replace it with your code.
# Press Double Shift to search everywhere for classes, files, tool windows, actions, and settings.
# encoding=utf-8
import os
import subprocess
import winreg


# See PyCharm help at https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/

# 获得当前路径
def getCurrentDir():
    file_path = os.path.abspath(__file__)
    dir_path = os.path.dirname(file_path)
    return dir_path


def installServer(name):
    # Use a breakpoint in the code line below to debug your script.
    print(f'Hi, {name}')  # Press Ctrl+F8 to toggle the breakpoint.

    curr_path = getCurrentDir()
    print(getCurrentDir())
    # install_java_sdk(curr_path)
    # install_redis(curr_path)
    # install_mongodb(curr_path)
    install_zookeeper(curr_path)
    # install_idea(curr_path)


def install_java_sdk(curr_path):
    print(f'开始安装java sdk')
    jdk = curr_path + r'\install\jdk-11.0.11_windows-x64_bin.exe'
    print(f'jdk 路径' + jdk)

    try:
        returnCode = runExe(jdk)
        # 判断程序是否正常结束
        if returnCode == 0:

            print(f'创建java sdk环境变量')
            # 打开注册表

            key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, 'Environment', 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)

            # 添加环境变量
            winreg.SetValueEx(key, 'JAVA_HOME', 0, winreg.REG_SZ, 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.11')

            # 关闭注册表
            winreg.CloseKey(key)

        else:
            print(f'程序执行失败，返回值为')

    except Exception as e:
        print('安装java sdk 异常 %s 结束安装' % str(e))


# 安装mongodb
def install_mongodb(curr_path):
    print(f'开始安装_mongodb')
    mongdb_path = curr_path + r'\install\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2012plus-4.2.17-signed.msi'
    print(f'mongdb_path 路径' + mongdb_path)
    try:
        process = subprocess.Popen(['msiexec', '/i', mongdb_path])

        # 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值
        while True:
            if process.poll() is not None:
                print(mongdb_path + ' 文件执行完毕')
                break;
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'安装mongodb 失败 %s ' % str(e))


# 安装redis
def install_redis(curr_path):
    print('开始安装_redis')

    redis_path = curr_path + '\install\Redis-x64-5.0.14.1\install_Redis.bat'
    print('redis_path 路径' + redis_path)
    runBat('redis',redis_path)


# 判断服务是否存在
def service_exists(service_name):
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(['sc', 'query', service_name])
        return True
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        return False


# 安装 zookeeper，并启动zookeeper服务
def install_zookeeper(curr_path):
    print(f'创建zookeeper环境变量')
    setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_HOME', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin')
    setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_SERVICE', 'zookeeper_service')

    try:
        if service_exists('zookeeper_service'):
            cmdRun(['net', 'stop', 'zookeeper_service'])
            cmdRun(['sc', 'delete', 'zookeeper_service'])

        runBat('zookeeper', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper' + r'\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin\bin\Install.bat')

        cmdRun(['net', "start", 'zookeeper_service'])

    except Exception as e:
        print(u'%s' % (str(e)))


def install_idea(curr_path):
    print(f'开始安装 idea')
    idea = curr_path + r'\install\ideaIU-2019.3.4\ideaIU-2019.3.4.exe'
    print(f'idea 路径' + idea)
    runExe(idea)

# 执行cmd命令，如：开启服务 window服务net start zookeeper_service
def cmdRun(args):
    try:
        ret = subprocess.run(args, check=True)
        # ret.returncode 返回int类型，0 则执行成功
        ret.check_returncode()
        print('ret.returncode: %d' % ret.returncode)
        print('ret.stdout: %s' % ret.stdout)

    except Exception as e:
        print(f'运行命令 %s 发生异常' % (str(e)))


def runExe(path):
    try:


        process = subprocess.Popen([path])


        # 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值
        stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

        # 判断程序是否正常结束

        if process.returncode == 0:
            print(f'运行' + path + '成功')
            return process.returncode
        else:
            return process.returncode

    except Exception as e:
        print(f'安装'+ path+'异常：'+str(e))
        return -1


# 设置注册表信息
def setWinregKey(regKey, path):
    print(f'创建 {regKey} 环境变量')
    # 打开注册表
    key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, 'Environment', 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)

    # 添加环境变量
    winreg.SetValueEx(key, regKey, 0, winreg.REG_SZ, path)
    winreg.FlushKey(key)

    winreg.CloseKey(key)


# 运行批处理，name，定义批处理的名称，批处理curr_path实际的完整路径
def runBat(name, curr_path):
    print(name + ' 路径' + curr_path)
    try:

        process = subprocess.run([curr_path])

        # 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值
        process.check_returncode()
        print(process.stdout)

        # 判断程序是否正常结束
        if process.returncode == 0:
            print(f'运行完' + name)
        else:
            print(f'程序执行失败，返回值为 {process.returncode}')
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'运行bat文件%s,发生异常 %s' % (curr_path, str(e)))


# Press the green button in the gutter to run the script.
if __name__ == '__main__':
    installServer('install')