PostgreSQL基操之角色、表空间、数据库与表
角色创建与管理
PostgreSQL数据库里没有User的概念,只有Role的概念。有的Role可以用于登录数据库,这些Role与其他数据库中的用户等价。
sql
--创建可以登录的角色
create role sekiro with login password 'shadowDie2';
--创建可以登录的角色并赋予创建数据库的权限
create role dba createdb login password 'shadowDie2';
--创建可以登录的角色并设定密码有效期
create role ishin with login password 'shadowDie2' valid until '2023-10-12';
--创建可以登录的角色并设定并发连接上限
create role genji with login password 'shadowDie2' connection limit 100;
使用角色登录数据库:
bash
#psql -U 角色名称 -W 数据库名称
psql -U sekiro -W postgres
列出已有的角色:
sql
postgres=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------+-----------
dba | Create DB | {}
genji | 100 connections | {}
ishin | Password valid until 2023-10-12 00:00:00+08 | {}
postgres | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}
sekiro | | {}
postgres=# select rolname,rolcreatedb,rolconnlimit,rolcanlogin from pg_roles;
rolname | rolcreatedb | rolconnlimit | rolcanlogin
----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
postgres | t | -1 | t
sekiro | f | -1 | t
dba | t | -1 | t
ishin | f | -1 | t
genji | f | 100 | t
(5 rows)
移除角色:
sql
postgres=# drop role genji;
DROP ROLE
表空间创建与管理
创建表空间必须是SUPERUSER角色。创建表空间并指定属主:
sql
# 指定的location必须事先存在
postgres=# create tablespace sekiro owner sekiro location '/pgdata/sekiro';
CREATE TABLESPACE
postgres=# \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
------------+----------+----------------
pg_default | postgres |
pg_global | postgres |
sekiro | sekiro | /pgdata/sekiro
(3 rows)
修改表空间:
sql
--重命名表空间
ALTER TABLESPACE sekiro RENAME TO wolf;
--修改属主
ALTER TABLESPACE sekiro OWNER TO ishin;
移除表空间:
sql
postgres=# drop tablespace sekiro;
DROP TABLESPACE
数据库创建与管理
创建数据库需要CREATEDB权限或者SUPERUSER角色。创建数据库并指定属主和表空间:
sql
create database sekiro
with owner=sekiro tablespace=sekiro encoding='UTF8';
列出已有的数据库:
sql
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
sekiro | sekiro | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)
表创建与管理
登录数据库:
psql -U sekiro -W sekiro
创建表:
sql
CREATE TABLE staff(
staff_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
检查当前数据库中的表:
sql
sekiro=> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+-------+-------+--------
public | staff | table | sekiro
(1 row)
sekiro=> insert into staff(staff_id,first_name,last_name,email) values (1,'Kuro','Satoshi','kuro.satoshi@sekiro.com');
INSERT 0 1
sekiro=> select * from staff;
staff_id | first_name | last_name | email
----------+------------+-----------+-------------------------
1 | Kuro | Satoshi | kuro.satoshi@sekiro.com
(1 row)
sekiro=> \dt+
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Size | Description
--------+-------+-------+--------+------------+-------------
public | staff | table | sekiro | 8192 bytes |
(1 row)
将表的查询权限授予其他用户:
bash
[postgres@dbhost pgdata]$ psql -U ishin -W sekiro
Password for user ishin:
psql (9.2.4)
Type "help" for help.
sekiro=> select * from staff;
ERROR: permission denied for relation staff
sekiro=> \q
[postgres@dbhost pgdata]$ psql -U sekiro -W sekiro
Password for user sekiro:
psql (9.2.4)
Type "help" for help.
sekiro=> grant select on staff to ishin;
GRANT
References
【1】https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-administration/postgresql-schema/