【算法】Vampire Numbers

Vampire Numbers

recursion permutation brute force

A Vampire Number is a positive integer greater than 99, that rearranged in all of its possible digits permutations, with every permutation being split into two parts, is equal to the product of at least one of its permutations.

If the number has an even quantity of digits, left and right parts will have the same length in every permutation;

If the number has an odd quantity of digits and at least three digits, the left and right parts will present different lengths for every possible permutation, alternating between them in the range +1 and -1.

Given a positive integer n, implement a function that returns the type of n as a string:

'Normal Number' if n is lower than 100 or if no permutations return a product of their parts equal to n.

'Pseudovampire' if n it is a Vampire with an odd quantity of digits.

'True Vampire' if n it is a Vampire with an even quantity of digits.

Examples

javascript 复制代码

isVampire(1260) // "True Vampire"
// Has an even number of digits and is greater than 99)
// Permutations:
// 12 * 60 = 720
// 16 * 20 = 320
// 10 * 26 = 260
// 21 * 60 = 1260

isVampire(126) // "Pseudovampire"
// Has an odd number of digits and is greater than 99
// Permutations:
// 12 * 6 = 72
// 1 * 26 = 26
// 21 * 6 = 126

isVampire(67) // "Normal Number"
// Is lower than 100
// Permutations:
// 6 * 7 = 7 * 6 = 42

Notes

Trivially, a number from 1 to 99 is a Normal Number by the definitions: a single-digit number can't be split into two parts, and the product of the permutated two digits of a number will always be lower than the number itself.

Solutions

javascript 复制代码

// solution1: recursion + permutation
const isVampire = (n) => {
    if(n < 100){
        return 'Normal Number'
    }
    let t = n,d=[];
    while(t){
        d.unshift(t%10)
        t = Math.floor(t/10)
    }
    let o = d.length&0b1;
    let res = compute(d,0,n,o,d.length)
    return res?(!o?'True Vampire':'Pseudovampire'):'Normal Number';
}
const compute = (d,k,n,o,l)=>{
    if(k==l){
        k = l>>>1
        let pair = toIntPair(d,k);
        let res = pair[0]*pair[1] === n;
        if(o && !res){
            pair = toIntPair(d,k+1);
            res = pair[0]*pair[1] === n;
        }
        return res;
    }
    for(let i=k;i<l;i++){
        [d[i],d[k]] = [d[k],d[i]]
        let res = compute(d,k+1,n,o,l)
        if(res){
            return true;
        }
        [d[k],d[i]] = [d[i],d[k]]
    }
    return false;
};
const toIntPair=(d,k)=>{
    let res = [0,0];
    for(let i=0;i<k;i++){
        res[0] = res[0]*10 + d[i]
    }
    for(let i=k;i<d.length;i++){
        res[1] = res[1]*10 + d[i]
    }
    return res
}

javascript 复制代码

// solution2: brute force
const isVampire = (n) => {
    if(n < 100){
        return 'Normal Number'
    }
    let t = n,c=0;
    while(t){
        c++;
        t = Math.floor(t/10);
    }
    let o = c&0b1;
    c >>>= 1
    let max = 1 ;
    while(c-->0){
        max *= 10
    }
    let d=Array(10).fill(0);
    for(let i = Math.floor(max/10); i < max;i++){
            let j = Math.floor(n/i);
            let m = i*j;
            let [ii,jj,mm] = [i,j,m];
            while(mm){
                d[mm%10]++;
                mm = Math.floor(mm/10);
            }
            while(ii){
                d[ii%10]--;
                ii = Math.floor(ii/10);
            }
            while(jj){
                d[jj%10]--;
                jj = Math.floor(jj/10);
            }
            let is = true;
            for(let i=0;i<10;i++){
                if(d[i]){
                    is = false;
                    d[i] = 0;
                }
            }
            if(is && m === n){
                return !o?'True Vampire':'Pseudovampire';
            }
    }
    return 'Normal Number';
}

TestCases

javascript 复制代码

let Test = (function(){
    return {
        assertEquals:function(actual,expected){
            if(actual !== expected){
                let errorMsg = `actual is ${actual},${expected} is expected`;
                throw new Error(errorMsg);
            }
        }
    }
})();

Test.assertEquals(isVampire(1260), "True Vampire", "Example #1")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(126), "Pseudovampire", "Example #2")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(67), "Normal Number", "Example #3")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(1), "Normal Number")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(645), "Normal Number")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(688), "Pseudovampire")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(1345), "Normal Number")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(1395), "True Vampire")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(12964), "Pseudovampire")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(98765), "Normal Number")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(124421), "Normal Number")
Test.assertEquals(isVampire(125460), "True Vampire")