你的任务是为交易所设计一个订单处理系统。要求支持以下3种指令。
BUY p q：有人想买，数量为p，价格为q。
SELL p q：有人想卖，数量为p，价格为q。
CANCEL i：取消第i条指令对应的订单（输入保证该指令是BUY或者SELL）。
交易规则如下：对于当前买订单，若当前最低卖价低于当前出价，则发生交易；对于当前卖订单，若当前最高买价高于当前价格，则发生交易。发生交易时，按供需物品个数的最小值交易。交易后，需修改订单的供需物品个数。当出价或价格相同时，按订单产生的先后顺序发生交易。
样例：
输入
11
BUY 100 35
CANCEL 1
BUY 100 34
SELL 150 36
SELL 300 37
SELL 100 36
BUY 100 38
CANCEL 4
CANCEL 7
BUY 200 32
SELL 500 30
输出
QUOTE 100 35 - 0 99999
QUOTE 0 0 - 0 99999
QUOTE 100 34 - 0 99999
QUOTE 100 34 - 150 36
QUOTE 100 34 - 150 36
QUOTE 100 34 - 250 36
TRADE 100 36
QUOTE 100 34 - 150 36
QUOTE 100 34 - 100 36
QUOTE 100 34 - 100 36
QUOTE 100 34 - 100 36
TRADE 100 34
TRADE 200 32
QUOTE 0 0 - 200 30
分析：
一个订单成交过的部分不能取消。只能取消剩余的部分。比如SELL 150 36，已经成交了100个，还剩余50个，所以当取消这个订单时，只能取消那50个。
解法：
rust
use std::{
collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap},
io::{self, Read},
};
struct Order {
amount: usize,
price: usize,
op: String,
}
fn main() {
let mut buf = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut buf).unwrap();
let n: usize = buf.trim().parse().unwrap();
let mut orders: Vec<Order> = vec![]; //所有订单
let mut buy_list: BTreeMap<usize, BTreeSet<usize>> = BTreeMap::new(); // 买价对应的订单id
let mut sell_list: BTreeMap<usize, BTreeSet<usize>> = BTreeMap::new(); //卖价对应的订单id
let mut buy_amount_price = HashMap::new(); //买价对应的总数量
let mut sell_amount_price = HashMap::new(); //卖价对应的总数量
let mut buf = String::new();
io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf).unwrap();
let mut lines = buf.lines();
for i in 0..n {
let mut it = lines.next().unwrap().split_whitespace();
let cmd = it.next().unwrap();
let v: Vec<usize> = it.map(|x| x.parse().unwrap()).collect();
if cmd == "CANCEL" {
orders.push(Order {
amount: 0,
price: 0,
op: cmd.to_string(),
});
let cancel_id = v[0] - 1;
let aorder = &mut orders[cancel_id];
if aorder.op == "BUY" {
sell_amount_price
.entry(aorder.price)
.and_modify(|x| *x -= aorder.amount);
aorder.amount = 0;
if let Some(v) = buy_list.get_mut(&aorder.price) {
v.remove(&cancel_id);
if v.is_empty() {
buy_list.remove(&aorder.price);
}
}
} else if aorder.op == "SELL" {
sell_amount_price
.entry(aorder.price)
.and_modify(|x| *x -= aorder.amount);
aorder.amount = 0;
if let Some(v) = sell_list.get_mut(&aorder.price) {
v.remove(&cancel_id);
if v.is_empty() {
sell_list.remove(&aorder.price);
}
}
}
} else if cmd == "BUY" || cmd == "SELL" {
let id = i;
let amount = v[0];
let price = v[1];
let op = cmd.to_string();
if cmd == "BUY" {
buy_list
.entry(price)
.and_modify(|x| {
x.insert(id);
})
.or_insert(BTreeSet::from([id]));
buy_amount_price
.entry(price)
.and_modify(|x| *x += amount)
.or_insert(amount);
} else {
sell_list
.entry(price)
.and_modify(|x| {
x.insert(id);
})
.or_insert(BTreeSet::from([id]));
sell_amount_price
.entry(price)
.and_modify(|x| *x += amount)
.or_insert(amount);
}
let a = Order { amount, price, op };
orders.push(a);
}
trade(
&cmd.to_string(),
&mut buy_list,
&mut sell_list,
&mut buy_amount_price,
&mut sell_amount_price,
&mut orders,
);
if let Some(x) = buy_list.last_entry() {
let price = x.key();
print!("QUOTE {} {}", buy_amount_price.get(&price).unwrap(), price);
} else {
print!("QUOTE 0 0");
}
if let Some(x) = sell_list.first_entry() {
let price = x.key();
print!(" - {} {}", sell_amount_price.get(&price).unwrap(), price);
} else {
print!(" - 0 99999");
}
println!();
}
}
fn trade(
op: &String,
buy_list: &mut BTreeMap<usize, BTreeSet<usize>>,
sell_list: &mut BTreeMap<usize, BTreeSet<usize>>,
buy_amount_price: &mut HashMap<usize, usize>,
sell_amount_price: &mut HashMap<usize, usize>,
orders: &mut Vec<Order>,
) {
loop {
if buy_list.is_empty() || sell_list.is_empty() {
break;
}
let mut buy_entry = buy_list.last_entry().unwrap(); //因为map是升序，而我们要取最大买价，所以每次取最后一个元素
let mut sell_entry = sell_list.first_entry().unwrap(); //因为map是升序，取最小卖价，每次取第一个元素
let buy_price = *buy_entry.key();
let sell_price = *sell_entry.key();
if buy_price < sell_price {
break;
}
let buy_ids = buy_entry.get_mut();
let buyid = buy_ids.pop_first().unwrap();
let sell_ids = sell_entry.get_mut();
let sellid = sell_ids.pop_first().unwrap();
let min_amount = orders[buyid].amount.min(orders[sellid].amount);
buy_amount_price
.entry(buy_price)
.and_modify(|x| *x -= min_amount);
sell_amount_price
.entry(sell_price)
.and_modify(|x| *x -= min_amount);
orders[buyid].amount -= min_amount;
orders[sellid].amount -= min_amount;
if orders[buyid].amount > 0 {
buy_ids.insert(buyid);
} else if buy_ids.is_empty() {
buy_list.remove(&buy_price);
}
if orders[sellid].amount > 0 {
sell_ids.insert(sellid);
} else if sell_ids.is_empty() {
sell_list.remove(&sell_price);
}
if op == "BUY" {
println!("TRADE {} {}", min_amount, sell_price);
} else if op == "SELL" {
println!("TRADE {} {}", min_amount, buy_price);
}
}
}