文章目录
- [7 IT Career Paths and How to Get Started in 2023](#7 IT Career Paths and How to Get Started in 2023)
- [IT career paths](#IT career paths)
-
- [1. Computer support](#1. Computer support)
- [2. Cybersecurity](#2. Cybersecurity)
- [3. Networks and systems](#3. Networks and systems)
- [4. Software development](#4. Software development)
- [5. Web development](#5. Web development)
- [6. Data](#6. Data)
- [7. Cloud computing](#7. Cloud computing)
7 IT Career Paths and How to Get Started in 2023
Working in IT can mean a variety of different things. You can work in computer support, cybersecurity, data, cloud computing, and other areas.
It might be easy to assume that working in information technology (IT) means working in a tech office in a big city. But that's not the whole truth. Burning Glass Technologies found that over 90 percent of IT skills and jobs are housed outside of the tech sector in the US. Non-tech IT jobs are also growing faster than tech-sector IT jobs by over 50 percent---meaning that that gap is on trend to widen [1]. Plus, IT skills are needed in places like hospitals, local governments, banks, and universities in smaller cities across the country.
That said, the world of IT offers a variety of career paths in diverse industries. An IT professional can specialize in cybersecurity to keep computers safe, cloud computing to make information easier to access, or in help desk roles to assist in the everyday functions of an organization.
IT career paths
Understanding what paths are available to you can help you navigate your first steps as you begin your career in IT.
Not sure where to start? Many IT professionals begin in generalist roles that cover a range of issues, like help desk technician or IT associate. You may get an entry-level IT certification to help you land one of these roles, though it's often not required. Once you've gained some experience and have a better grasp of what you like doing, you might think about focusing your career on a more specific area. You can explore entry-level IT jobs to see what other routes you can take if you're just starting out.
Job outlook information is sourced from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and applies to the period 2021 to 2031, unless stated otherwise.
*Average annual base salary is sourced from Glassdoor as of December 2022
1. Computer support
Many in the beginning phases of their IT career work in computer support roles that support many different aspects of computer operations. From there, it's possible to specialize in a narrower field like cybersecurity or networks, or continue in computer support to become a senior or manager.
许多人在其 IT 职业生涯的开始阶段担任计算机支持角色，这些角色支持计算机操作的许多不同方面。从那里，可以专注于网络安全或网络等较窄的领域，或者继续从事计算机支持以成为高级或经理。
Salary: $62,760
Projected job growth: 6% [2]
Early career jobs: IT support technician, desktop support technician, help desk technician, IT associate
Mid-career or senior jobs: Senior help desk support technician, service desk supervisor, support desk manager
Getting started: If you're just starting out, getting an entry-level IT certification can bring you the skills you need.
2. Cybersecurity
Working in cybersecurity means protecting computer systems, devices, and sensitive information from malware, unauthorized access, damage, and data breaches.
Cybersecurity is one of two fields in IT expected to see the most demand, according to Global Knowledge, an IT professional development company (the other being cloud computing).
从事网络安全工作意味着保护计算机系统、设备和敏感信息免受恶意软件、未经授权的访问、损坏和数据泄露。
根据IT专业开发公司Global Knowledge的数据，网络安全是IT中预计需求最大的两个领域之一（另一个是云计算）。
Salary: $78,480
Projected job growth: 35% [3]
Early career jobs: Information security analyst, cybersecurity analyst, cybersecurity engineer
Mid-career or senior jobs: Senior cyber engineer, information security manager, ethical hacker
Getting started: Getting a grasp of basic cybersecurity principles can help launch a career in this space. Consider building experience by earning an entry-level certification, like the CompTIA Security+ or Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certifications.
3. Networks and systems
Network IT professionals work with network-related tasks or hardware, and systems professionals work among servers and computer systems.
They may have overlapping roles, particularly at smaller companies where you're more likely to have to wear many hats.
You might start as an analyst or administrator, and then work your way up to being a network or systems engineer or architect.
网络 IT 专业人员处理与网络相关的任务或硬件，系统专业人员在服务器和计算机系统之间工作。
他们可能有重叠的角色，特别是在较小的公司，你更有可能不得身兼数职。
您可以从分析师或管理员开始，然后逐步晋升为网络或系统工程师或架构师。
Salary: $80,600
Projected job growth: 3%
Early career jobs: Network administrator, systems administrator, network implementation technician, systems analyst
Mid-career or senior jobs: Network engineer, systems engineer, network security engineer, cloud network engineer, senior systems administrator, computer network architects
Getting started: Several certification options exist for networks and systems, like the CompTIA Server+ or the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). Otherwise, you can start as a generalist on the IT help desk and work your way into one of these specialities.
4. Software development
Software developers, or software engineers, create computer programs that are used to accomplish any number of tasks---your internet browser, music streaming service, and online video conference app are all examples of software.
Software development can open paths into a variety of different industries, including finance, video game development, and tech.
软件开发人员或软件工程师创建用于完成任意数量任务的计算机程序 - 您的互联网浏览器、音乐流媒体服务和在线视频会议应用程序都是软件的示例。
软件开发可以开辟进入各种不同行业的道路，包括金融、视频游戏开发和技术。
Salary: $120,730
Projected job growth: 25% [5]
Jobs: Software engineer, software developer, senior software engineer
Getting started: Learning the coding languages used in software development will be key to landing a job in the field. Try starting with commonly requested ones like Python, Java, or Ruby.
5. Web development
Working in web development means you'll be responsible for creating and maintaining websites and phone applications.
Web developers can be front-end or back-end developers---that is, the front-facing interfaces or behind-the-scenes mechanics of a website, respectively---or both.
从事 Web 开发意味着您将负责创建和维护网站和电话应用程序。
Web 开发人员可以是前端或后端开发人员（即网站的前端界面或幕后机制），或两者兼而有之。
Salary: $79,890
Projected job growth: 23% [6]
Jobs: Web developer, web designer, front-end developer, back-end developer, full stack developer, front-end engineer, back-end engineer, full-stack engineer
Getting started: Whether you're self-taught or have a degree in computer programming, web development jobs often prioritize relevant experience over credentials. Taking a course in a web programming language---like Python, JavaScript, CSS, or HTML---can get you oriented with the basics. From there, you can try building your own website or application before applying to entry-level jobs.
6. Data
With the ubiquity of internet-connected devices, companies have access to unprecedented amounts of data on their customers, services, and other business factors. And though data isn't a traditional IT specialization, the increase in demand for data skills makes it a solid career option for those looking for IT-related work.
Working with data can entail keeping up hardware and security as a data technician, or sifting through data to find patterns and insights as a data analyst or scientist.
随着互联网连接设备的普及，公司可以访问有关其客户、服务和其他业务因素的前所未有的大量数据。虽然数据不是传统的IT专业，但对数据技能需求的增加使其成为那些寻找IT相关工作的人的可靠职业选择。
作为数据技术人员，处理数据可能需要保持硬件和安全性，或者作为数据分析师或科学家筛选数据以找到模式和见解。
Salary: $96,710
Projected job growth: 9% [7]
Early career jobs: Data center technician, database administrator, data analyst
Mid-career or senior jobs: Data scientist, data engineer, data architect
Getting started: If you're interested in becoming a data technician, some background knowledge of IT support might help. If the idea of working directly with data is more enticing to you, consider getting a certification in data analytics---like the IBM Data Analyst Professional Certificate or the Google Data Analytics Professional Certificate.
7. Cloud computing
Along with cybersecurity, cloud computing was found to be the top technical area in IT seeing the most demand by Global Knowledge [8].
A career in cloud technology generally includes some programming on cloud software platforms like Azure, AWS, or Google Cloud.
与网络安全一样，云计算被发现是 IT 领域需求最大的技术领域 Global Knowledge [8]。
云技术职业通常包括在 Azure、AWS 或 Google Cloud 等云软件平台上进行一些编程。
Salary: $81,435
Projected job growth: 27% (LinkedIn 2020 Emerging Jobs Report) [10]
Early career jobs: Cloud engineer, cloud computing programmer
Mid-career or senior jobs: Cloud architect, cloud consultant
Getting started: If you want to break into cloud computing, you'll likely want to have cloud-specific knowledge. You can earn cloud certifications or find coursework to complete.