Java web（五）：会话技术

一万年可长否2023-11-04 11:02

文章目录

一、会话跟踪技术

二、Cookie

在JSP页面如何获取Cookie？

方式：${cookie.key.value} //key指存在cookie的键的名称

三、Session

Session是基于Cookie实现的，不同浏览器请求的不同的Session（通过Cookie的id区分）

注意：1. 服务器正常关闭，session不会销毁；2. 当浏览器关闭后再次访问服务器，由于前后两次不是同一个会话，所以第二次打开浏览访问的session与前一个不同。

上述第一种销毁方式要写进webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml中

四、Cookie和Session的区别

五、项目实战

实现功能

  1. 用户登录、记住用户名密码
  2. 用户注册、验证码

这里展示主要代码
login.jsp

java 复制代码 
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>login</title>
    <link href="css/login.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body>
<div id="loginDiv" style="height: 350px">
    <form action="/brand-demo/loginServlet" id="form">
        <h1 id="loginMsg">LOGIN IN</h1>
        <div id="errorMsg">${login_msg} ${register_msg}</div>
        <p>Username:<input id="username" name="username" value="${cookie.username.value}" type="text"></p>

        <p>Password:<input id="password" name="password" value="${cookie.password.value}" type="password"></p>

        <p>Remember:<input id="remember" name="remember" type="checkbox"></p>
        <div id="subDiv">
            <input type="submit" class="button" value="login up">
            <input type="reset" class="button" value="reset">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <a href="/brand-demo/register.jsp">没有账号？</a>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

register.jsp

java 复制代码 
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false"%>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>欢迎注册</title>
    <link href="css/register.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="form-div">
    <div class="reg-content">
        <h1>欢迎注册</h1>
        <span>已有帐号？</span> <a href="login.html">登录</a>
    </div>
    <form id="reg-form" action="/brand-demo/registerServlet" method="post">

        <table>

            <tr>
                <td>用户名</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="username" type="text" id="username">
                    <br>
                    <span id="username_err" class="err_msg">${register_msg}</span>
                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="password" type="password" id="password">
                    <br>
                    <span id="password_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">密码格式有误</span>
                </td>
            </tr>


            <tr>
                <td>验证码</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="checkCode" type="text" id="checkCode">
                    <img id="checkCodeImg" src="/brand-demo/checkCodeServlet">
                    <a href="#" id="changeImg">看不清？</a>
                </td>
            </tr>

        </table>

        <div class="buttons">
            <input value="注 册" type="submit" id="reg_btn">
        </div>
        <br class="clear">
    </form>

</div>
<script>
    document.getElementById("changeImg").onclick = function (){
        // 加上时间的目的是：每生成一个验证码会有一个缓存，要保证验证码的不同加上了时间
        document.getElementById("checkCodeImg").src = "/brand-demo/checkCodeServlet?" + new Date().getMilliseconds()
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

注意：每生成一个验证码要加上名字辨识，因为生成一个二维码会有缓存，不加辨识无法生成一个新的code

LoginServlet.java

java 复制代码 
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    UserService userService = new UserService();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String remember = req.getParameter("remember");

        User user = userService.loginUser(username, password);
        if(user!=null){
            //将username与password存入cookie
            if("on".equals(remember)){
                Cookie c_username1 = new Cookie("username", username);
                Cookie c_password1 = new Cookie("password", password);

                c_username1.setMaxAge(60*60*24*7);
                c_password1.setMaxAge(60*60*24*7);

                resp.addCookie(c_username1);
                resp.addCookie(c_password1);
            }

            //登录成功后将user存储到session
            HttpSession session = req.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("user",user);

            String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
            resp.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/selectAllServlet");
        } else{

            req.setAttribute("login_msg","登录失败");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

RegisterServlet.java

java 复制代码 
@WebServlet("/registerServlet")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    UserService userService = new UserService();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String checkCode = req.getParameter("checkCode");
        //从session中获取验证码
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String checkCodeGen = (String)session.getAttribute("checkCodeGen");
        if(!checkCodeGen.equals(checkCode)){
            req.setAttribute("register_msg","验证码错误");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/register.jsp").forward(req,resp);
            return;
        }

        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setUsername(username);
        user1.setPassword(password);
        boolean flag = userService.registerUser(user1);
        if(flag){
            req.setAttribute("register_msg","注册成功");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        } else {
            System.out.println("failure");
            req.setAttribute("register_msg","用户名已存在");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/register.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

CheckCodeServlet.java 生成验证码

java 复制代码 
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        String checkcode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, outputStream, 4);

        // 将验证码存入session中
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("checkCodeGen",checkcode);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

CheckCodeUtils.java验证码图片生成类

java 复制代码 
package com.bhy.utils;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * 生成验证码工具类
 */
public class CheckCodeUtil {

    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    private static Random random = new Random();


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        OutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("d://a.jpg");
        String checkCode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, fos, 4);

        System.out.println(checkCode);
    }


    /**
     * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值（一般传入输出流，响应response页面端，Web项目用的较多）
     *
     * @param width 图片宽度
     * @param height 图片高度
     * @param os  输出流
     * @param verifySize 数据长度
     * @return 验证码数据
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int width, int height, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(width, height, os, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
     *
     * @param verifySize 验证码长度
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }

    /**
     * 使用指定源生成验证码
     *
     * @param verifySize 验证码长度
     * @param sources    验证码字符源
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {
        // 未设定展示源的字码，赋默认值大写字母+数字
        if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {
            sources = VERIFY_CODES;
        }
        int codesLen = sources.length();
        Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
        StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
            verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));
        }
        return verifyCode.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值 (生成图片形式，用的较少)
     *
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }



    /**
     * 生成指定验证码图像文件
     *
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {
        if (outputFile == null) {
            return;
        }
        File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
        //文件不存在
        if (!dir.exists()) {
            //创建
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        try {
            outputFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
            fos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 输出指定验证码图片流
     *
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

        // 创建颜色集合，使用java.awt包下的类
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);
        // 设置边框色
        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        // 设置背景色
        g2.setColor(c);
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);

        // 绘制干扰线
        Random random = new Random();
        // 设置线条的颜色
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        // 噪声率
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            // 获取随机颜色
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }
        // 添加图片扭曲
        shear(g2, w, h, c);

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h - 4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
        }

        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }

    /**
     * 随机颜色
     *
     * @param fc
     * @param bc
     * @return
     */
    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255) {
            fc = 255;
        }
        if (bc > 255) {
            bc = 255;
        }
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(2);

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
            }

        }

    }
}
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