SpringBoot3.x使用Swagger
设置
- Springdoc同时支持WebMvc和WebFlux
- 因为没用WebFlux实践过,所以下面只介绍WebMvc中的应用
依赖(pom.xml)
xml
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
<artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 搭配校验使用,使用与SpringBoot相同的版本号 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
<version>3.1.5</version>
</dependency>
xml
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<!-- SpringBoot -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>3.1.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 让响应结果更美观 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cola</groupId>
<artifactId>cola-component-dto</artifactId>
<version>4.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.26</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.4.11</version>
</dependency>
环境配置(application.yml)
- 开发环境
- 开发环境通常会开启Swagger文档,方便前端查阅文档
- 如果使用微服务,为避免Swagger地址冲突,通常会加上前缀
- 如鉴权服务: "/auth-service/v3/api-docs"和"/auth-service/swagger-ui/index.html"
- 如用户服务: "/user-service/v2/api-docs"和"/user-service/swagger-ui/index.html"
yml
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springdoc:
api-docs:
enabled: true # 开启OpenApi接口
path: /user-service/v3/api-docs # 自定义路径,默认为 "/v3/api-docs"
swagger-ui:
enabled: true # 开启swagger界面,依赖OpenApi,需要OpenApi同时开启
path: /user-service/swagger-ui/index.html # 自定义路径,默认为"/swagger-ui/index.html"
yml
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springdoc:
api-docs:
enabled: false # 关闭OpenApi接口
swagger-ui:
enabled: false # 关闭swagger界面
配置
- 在SwaggerUI中增加描述
- 项目中新建"SwaggerConfig.java"文件
java
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@Configuration
public class SwaggerConfig {
@Bean
public OpenAPI swaggerOpenApi() {
return new OpenAPI()
.info(new Info().title("XXX平台YYY微服务")
.description("描述平台多牛逼")
.version("v1.0.0"))
.externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()
.description("设计文档")
.url("https://juejin.cn/user/254742430749736/posts"));
}
}
- 全局异常处理
- 参数校验错误返回提示信息
- 捕捉Exception大类,后面示例中补充更详细的类
- 响应结果Response为"cola-component-dto"中的一个包装类
java
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@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public Response handleException(Exception e) {
log.warn("未知异常", e);
return Response.buildFailure("未知异常", e.getMessage());
}
}
Restful接口
Post
用户类
- 新增用户模型,说明
- @Data: Lombok的写法,可以省略get/set
- @Schema: Swagger文档的注解,用于说明类/字段
- title: 类/字段说明
- example: 示例,Swagger中会将这个字段作为示例
- minLength/maxLength: 最小/最大长度,字段为String类型时生效(仅用于文档说明,不会抛出异常)
- minimum/maximum: 最小/最大值,字段为数字时有效(仅用于文档说明,不会抛出异常)
- @NotBlank: 校验不能为空(String生效),为空或空字符则抛出异常。文档将该字段解析为必填项
- @NotNull: 校验不能为空(包装类生效,如Integer/Long/Boolean),为空将抛出异常。文档将该字段解析为必填项
- @Range: 检查数值范围,不符合将抛出异常
java
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@Data
@Schema(title = "新增用户模型")
public class UserAddCO {
@Schema(title = "名字", example = "老王", minLength = 1, maxLength = 5)
@NotBlank(message = "名字不能为空")
private String name;
@Schema(title = "年龄", example = "18", minimum = "0", maximum = "150")
@NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
@Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄在0~150之间")
private Integer age;
// private int age;
// 既然不能为空,为什么不使用int?
// 1. 因为int是基本类型不会为空,所以@NotNull校验无效
// 2. 类初始化时生成默认值(int默认为0),@Range中最小值包含0,所以没有age参数校验通过,不符合预期
@Schema(title = "电话(可选)")
private String phone;
}
请求方法
- @Tag: 控制器说明
- name: 名称
- description: 描述说明
- @PostMapping: 使用post方法,一般用于新增记录
- @Operation: 请求说明
- summary: 说明,Swagger页面在方法后面,不会被折叠
- descirption: 描述,会被折叠到方法说明中
- @Validated: 校验数据,有了这个注解模型中的@NotBlank@NotNull@Range才会生效
- @RequestBody: 从请求body中读取数据
java
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@RestController
@RequestMapping("/demo")
@Tag(name = "示例控制器", description = "演示Restful接口")
public class DemoController {
@PostMapping("/")
@Operation(summary = "Post方法示例", description = "Post通常用于新增")
public SingleResponse<Long> add(@Validated @RequestBody UserAddCO user) {
// TODO:添加到数据库中,然后返回记录id
return SingleResponse.of(1L);
}
}
异常处理
- BindException: 如@NotBlank@NotNull@Range等校验失败时会报该异常
- HttpMessageConversionException: 转换失败时,如age参数传入字符串会报该异常
java
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@Slf4j
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(BindException.class)
public Response handleBindException(BindException e) {
// 拼接错误信息,用于多个校验不通过的错误信息拼接
List<ObjectError> allErrors = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors();
String message = allErrors.stream()
.map(DefaultMessageSourceResolvable::getDefaultMessage)
.collect(Collectors.joining(";"));
log.info("参数校验不通过:{}", message);
return Response.buildFailure("参数校验不通过", message);
}
@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(HttpMessageConversionException.class)
public Response handleHttpMessageConversionException(HttpMessageConversionException e) {
log.info("参数转换失败:{}", e.getMessage());
return Response.buildFailure("参数转换失败", e.getMessage());
}
}
Post(FormData)
- 上传通常使用FormData上传数据
- @PostMapping: 上传使用Post
- consumes: 这个值一定要设置成"MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE",否则Swagger将错误识别为json格式(file字段错误识别为string),而不是FormData
- @RequestPart: 比较少用到,就是用于FormData
- MultipartFile: 接收文件的对象,可以将流保存到本地
java
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@PostMapping(value = "/upload", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@Operation(summary = "上传文件示例")
public SingleResponse<String> upload(@RequestPart("file") MultipartFile file) {
log.info("接收到文件:{}, 大小:{}", file.getOriginalFilename(), file.getSize());
try {
// 保存到本地
File localTempFile = new File(file.getOriginalFilename());
localTempFile.createNewFile();
file.transferTo(localTempFile);
return SingleResponse.of(localTempFile.getAbsolutePath());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("文件上传失败");
}
}
@PostMapping(value = "/upload/multi", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@Operation(summary = "上传多个文件示例")
public MultiResponse<String> uploadMulti(@RequestPart("files") MultipartFile[] files) {
List<String> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (MultipartFile file : files) {
log.info("接收到文件:{}, 大小:{}", file.getOriginalFilename(), file.getSize());
result.add(file.getOriginalFilename());
// TODO:如上保存到本地
}
return MultiResponse.of(result);
}
Get(分页)
用户详情类(响应结果)
- 用户详情
- @Schema: 字段/类的Swagger描述注解
- title: 字段/类说明,实际开发中,这个是必填,其他为可选
- 如example/minLength/maxLength/minimum/maximum等为可选项,部分HTTP工具可以利用这些描述生成Mock数据
java
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@Data
@Schema(title = "用户详情")
public class UserDetailCO {
@Schema(title = "用户id", minimum = "1")
private long id;
@Schema(title = "用户名", minLength = 1, maxLength = 5, example = "言午日尧耳总")
private String name;
@Schema(title = "手机")
private String phone;
}
请求分页类
- @Parameter: QueryString的参数定义
- required: 是否必填
- description: 描述
- example: 示例值,部分HTTP工具请求时会使用这个当做默认值(开发自测调试,不用每次写参数)
java
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@Data
public class UserPageQry {
@Parameter(required = true, description = "页码,从1开始", example = "1")
@Min(value = 1, message = "pageIndex必须大于1")
private int pageIndex;
// @NotNull(message="pageIndex参数必须填写")
// private Integer pageIndex;
// 1. 此处可以使用int类型,因为限制最小值为1,不填写默认赋值0,@Min校验不通过会抛出异常
// 2. 也可以写成Integer+@NotNull的组合(如下pageSize),更加语义化
@Parameter(required = true, description = "页面大小", example = "20")
@NotNull(message = "pageSize参数必须填写")
@Range(min = 1, max = 100, message = "pageSize必须在1-100之间")
private Integer pageSize;
@Parameter(description = "搜索名字(模糊搜索),不搜索就传null或空字符")
private String phone;
}
请求方法1(推荐)
- Operation: 请求描述
- @Validated: 启用校验
- @ParameterObject: 参数对象,这个注解可以将对象字段解析为QueryString参数
- PageResponse: 分页响应结果,Swagger中解析响应字段
java
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@GetMapping("/")
@Operation(summary = "获取分页列表")
public PageResponse<UserDetailCO> getPageList(@Validated @ParameterObject UserPageQry qry) {
log.info("{}", qry);
List<UserDetailCO> result = List.of(new UserDetailCO());
return PageResponse.of(result, 1, qry.getPageSize(), qry.getPageIndex());
}
请求方法2(不推荐,没有方法1优雅)
- 字段单独设置
- @Validated: 控制器上的@Validated必须设置,否则校验注解无效
- @Operation: 方法说明
- @Parameter: 对每一个字段进行描述
- name: 与字段名一一对应,才能正确解析
- description: 描述
- example: 示例值,部分HTTP工具请求时会使用这个当做默认值(开发自测调试,不用每次写参数)
java
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@Slf4j
@Validated // 控制器加上改注解到才能进行校验
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/demo")
@Tag(name = "示例控制器", description = "演示Restful接口")
public class DemoController {
@GetMapping("/other/")
@Operation(summary = "另一种获取分页列表方式")
@Parameter(name = "pageIndex", description = "页码,从1开始", example = "1")
@Parameter(name = "pageSize", description = "数量,不小于1", example = "20")
@Parameter(name = "name", description = "搜索名字(模糊搜索),不搜索就传null或空字符")
public PageResponse<UserDetailCO> getPage(@NotNull(message = "pageIndex不能为空") @Min(value = 1, message = "pageIndex必须大于1") Integer pageIndex,
@NotNull(message = "pageIndex不能为空") @Range(min = 1, max = 100, message = "pageSize必须在1-100之间") Integer pageSize,
@Nullable String name) {
log.info("{} {} {}", pageIndex, pageSize, name);
List<UserDetailCO> result = List.of(new UserDetailCO());
return PageResponse.of(result, 1, pageSize, pageIndex);
}
}
java
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@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(ValidationException.class)
public Response handleValidationException(ValidationException e) {
log.info("参数验证失败: {}", e.getMessage());
return Response.buildFailure("参数验证失败", e.getMessage());
}
Get(一条记录详情)
- @GetMapping: Restful风格,在请求路径中放id
- @PathVariable: 读取路径中的id
- 接收参数可以使用long这样的基本类型,id必定不为空(如果为空,路径错误不会进入该方法)
java
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@GetMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "获取用户详情")
public SingleResponse<UserDetailCO> getUser(@PathVariable("id") long id) {
log.info("{}", id);
return SingleResponse.of(new UserDetailCO());
}
Put/Patch
- 区别
- Put: 修改对象的所有参数
- Patch: 修改对象的部分参数
- id从路径中读取,遵循Restful风格
- 值从body中读取
- body接收对象UserPutCO包含User的所有字段,UserPatchCO只包含一部分字段
java
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@PutMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "修改参数")
public Response putUser(@PathVariable("id") long id, @Validated @RequestBody UserPutCO user) {
// TODO:使用id在数据查找到用户,然后修改值并保存
return Response.buildSuccess();
}
@PatchMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "修改部分参数")
public Response patchUser(@PathVariable("id") long id, @Validated @RequestBody UserPatchCO user) {
// TODO:使用id在数据查找到用户,然后修改值并保存
return Response.buildSuccess();
}
Delete
java
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@DeleteMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "删除")
public Response deleteUser(@PathVariable("id") long id) {
// TODO:根据id直接删除用户
return Response.buildSuccess();
}
其他
屏蔽过滤器
- 用于前后端分离项目
- 有时候为了鉴权方便,会使用全局过滤器过滤权限
- 将Swagger相关接口排除掉
java
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@Configuration
public class MvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Bean
public JwtInterceptor jwtInterceptor() {
return new JwtInterceptor();
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// 除了swagger和登录,其他全部拦截验证jwt
registry.addInterceptor(jwtInterceptor())
.addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns(
"/**/*.html",
"/**/*.js",
"/**/*.css",
"/**/*.woff",
"/**/*.ttf",
"/**/*.js",
"/**/*.map",
"/**/*.png",
"/v3/api-docs", // 如果配置里改了,这里也记得修改
"/v3/api-docs/swagger-config",
"/auth/login"); // 登录接口
}
}
不同风格注解
java
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@Tag(name = "User", description = "用户管理")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
// 这个样式看起来更整齐
@Operation(summary = "获取用户信息", description = "用户详情")
@Parameter(name = "id", description = "用户id")
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "用户信息")
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Resp<?> detail(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
User user = new User();
return new Resp<>(user);
}
@Operation(summary = "新增", description = "新增用户")
@io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.parameters.RequestBody(description = "用户")
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "201", description = "成功")
@PostMapping("/")
public Resp<User> add(@RequestBody User user) {
return new Resp<>(user);
}
// 写到一起的示例
@Operation(summary = "获取列表",
description = "获取用户列表",
parameters = {@Parameter(name = "page", description = "页码"),
@Parameter(name = "size", description = "每页数量")},
responses = {@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "用户列表")})
@GetMapping("/")
public Resp<List<User>> list(@PathParam("page") Integer page, @PathParam("size") Integer size) {
return new Resp<>(new ArrayList<>());
}
}
使用Apifox自测
- HTTP请求工具可以读取OpenApi(Swagger)生成HTTP请求
- 以Apifox为例
完整示例代码
java
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@Configuration
public class SwaggerConfig {
@Bean
public OpenAPI swaggerOpenApi() {
return new OpenAPI()
.info(new Info().title("XXX平台YYY服务")
.description("描述平台多牛逼")
.version("v0.0.1"))
.externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()
.description("设计文档")
.url("https://juejin.cn/user/254742430749736/posts"));
}
}
java
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@Slf4j
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public Response handleException(Exception e) {
log.warn("未知异常", e);
return Response.buildFailure("未知异常", e.getMessage());
}
@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(BindException.class)
public Response handleBindException(BindException e) {
// 拼接错误信息,用于多个校验不通过的错误信息拼接
List<ObjectError> allErrors = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors();
String message = allErrors.stream()
.map(DefaultMessageSourceResolvable::getDefaultMessage)
.collect(Collectors.joining(";"));
log.info("参数校验不通过:{}", message);
return Response.buildFailure("参数校验不通过", message);
}
@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(HttpMessageConversionException.class)
public Response handleHttpMessageConversionException(HttpMessageConversionException e) {
log.info("参数转换失败:{}", e.getMessage());
return Response.buildFailure("参数转换失败", e.getMessage());
}
@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(ValidationException.class)
public Response handleValidationException(ValidationException e) {
log.info("参数验证失败: {}", e.getMessage());
return Response.buildFailure("参数验证失败", e.getMessage());
}
}
java
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@Slf4j
@Validated
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/demo")
@Tag(name = "示例控制器", description = "演示Restful接口")
public class DemoController {
@PostMapping("/")
@Operation(summary = "Post方法示例", description = "Post通常用于新增")
public SingleResponse<Long> add(@Validated @RequestBody UserAddCO user) {
// TODO:添加到数据库中,然后返回记录id
return SingleResponse.of(1L);
}
@PostMapping(value = "/upload", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@Operation(summary = "上传文件示例")
public SingleResponse<String> upload(@RequestPart("file") MultipartFile file) {
log.info("接收到文件:{}, 大小:{}", file.getOriginalFilename(), file.getSize());
try {
// 保存到本地
File localTempFile = new File(file.getOriginalFilename());
localTempFile.createNewFile();
file.transferTo(localTempFile);
return SingleResponse.of(localTempFile.getAbsolutePath());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("文件上传失败");
}
}
@PostMapping(value = "/upload/multi", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@Operation(summary = "上传多个文件示例")
public MultiResponse<String> uploadMulti(@RequestPart("files") MultipartFile[] files) {
List<String> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (MultipartFile file : files) {
log.info("接收到文件:{}, 大小:{}", file.getOriginalFilename(), file.getSize());
result.add(file.getOriginalFilename());
// TODO:如上保存到本地
}
return MultiResponse.of(result);
}
@GetMapping("/")
@Operation(summary = "获取分页列表")
public PageResponse<UserDetailCO> getPageList(@Validated @ParameterObject UserPageQry qry) {
log.info("{}", qry);
List<UserDetailCO> result = List.of(new UserDetailCO());
return PageResponse.of(result, 1, qry.getPageSize(), qry.getPageIndex());
}
@GetMapping("/other/")
@Operation(summary = "另一种获取分页列表方式")
@Parameter(name = "pageIndex", description = "页码,从1开始", example = "1")
@Parameter(name = "pageSize", description = "数量,不小于1", example = "20")
@Parameter(name = "name", description = "搜索名字(模糊搜索),不搜索就传null或空字符")
public PageResponse<UserDetailCO> getPage(@NotNull(message = "pageIndex不能为空") @Min(value = 1, message = "pageIndex必须大于1") Integer pageIndex,
@NotNull(message = "pageIndex不能为空") @Range(min = 1, max = 100, message = "pageSize必须在1-100之间") Integer pageSize,
@Nullable String name) {
log.info("{} {} {}", pageIndex, pageSize, name);
List<UserDetailCO> result = List.of(new UserDetailCO());
return PageResponse.of(result, 1, pageSize, pageIndex);
}
@GetMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "获取用户详情")
public SingleResponse<UserDetailCO> getUser(@PathVariable("id") long id) {
// TODO:从数据库查询
return SingleResponse.of(new UserDetailCO());
}
@PutMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "修改参数")
public Response putUser(@PathVariable("id") long id, @Validated @RequestBody UserPutCO user) {
// TODO:使用id在数据查找到用户,然后修改值并保存
return Response.buildSuccess();
}
@PatchMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "修改部分参数")
public Response patchUser(@PathVariable("id") long id, @Validated @RequestBody UserPatchCO user) {
// TODO:使用id在数据查找到用户,然后修改值并保存
return Response.buildSuccess();
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}/")
@Operation(summary = "删除")
public Response deleteUser(@PathVariable("id") long id) {
// TODO:根据id直接删除用户
return Response.buildSuccess();
}
}
java
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@Data
@Schema(title = "新增用户模型")
public class UserAddCO {
@Schema(title = "名字", example = "老王", minLength = 1, maxLength = 5)
@NotBlank(message = "名字不能为空")
private String name;
@Schema(title = "年龄", example = "18", minimum = "0", maximum = "150")
@NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
@Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄在0~150之间")
private Integer age;
// private int age;
// 既然不能为空,为什么不使用int?
// 1. 因为int是基本类型不会为空,所以@NotNull校验无效
// 2. 类初始化时生成默认值(int默认为0),@Range中最小值包含0,所以没有age参数校验通过,不符合预期
@Schema(title = "电话(可选)")
private String phone;
}
java
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@Data
@Schema(title = "用户详情")
public class UserDetailCO {
@Schema(title = "用户id", minimum = "1")
private long id;
@Schema(title = "用户名", minLength = 1, maxLength = 5, example = "言午日尧耳总")
private String name;
@Schema(title = "手机")
private String phone;
}
java
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@Data
public class UserPageQry {
@Parameter(required = true, description = "页码,从1开始", example = "1")
@Min(value = 1, message = "pageIndex必须大于1")
private int pageIndex;
// @NotNull(message="pageIndex参数必须填写")
// private Integer pageIndex;
// 1. 此处可以使用int类型,因为限制最小值为1,不填写默认赋值0,@Min校验不通过会抛出异常
// 2. 也可以写成Integer+@NotNull的组合(如下pageSize),更加语义化
@Parameter(required = true, description = "页面大小", example = "20")
@NotNull(message = "pageSize参数必须填写")
@Range(min = 1, max = 100, message = "pageSize必须在1-100之间")
private Integer pageSize;
@Parameter(description = "搜索名字(模糊搜索),不搜索就传null或空字符")
private String phone;
}
java
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@Data
@Schema(title = "新增用户模型")
public class UserPatchCO {
@Schema(title = "电话(可选)")
private String phone;
}
java
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@Data
@Schema(title = "新增用户模型")
public class UserPutCO {
@Schema(title = "名字", example = "老王", minLength = 1, maxLength = 5)
@NotBlank(message = "名字不能为空")
private String name;
@Schema(title = "年龄", example = "18", minimum = "0", maximum = "150")
@NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
@Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄在0~150之间")
private Integer age;
@Schema(title = "电话(可选)")
private String phone;
}