Linux平台下使用.NET Core访问Access数据库

运行环境

• 操作系统：Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (Jammy)
• 开发工具：Visual Studio 2022 (17.8.0)
• 运行时版本：.NET Runtime 8.0
• 依赖库：unixodbc、mdbtools、odbc-mdbtools

依赖库安装

apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unixodbc mdbtools odbc-mdbtools

依赖库版本信息

• apt list --installed | grep odbc

  libodbc1/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  libodbc2/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  libodbccr2/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  libodbcinst2/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  odbc-mdbtools/jammy,now 1.0.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
  odbcinst1debian2/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  odbcinst/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  unixodbc-common/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 all [installed,automatic]
  unixodbc/jammy,now 2.3.9-5 amd64 [installed]

• apt list --installed | grep mdb

  liblmdb0/jammy,now 0.9.24-1build2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  libmdb3/jammy,now 1.0.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  libmdbsql3/jammy,now 1.0.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  mdbtools/jammy,now 1.0.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]
  odbc-mdbtools/jammy,now 1.0.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed]

Linux平台 下的 ODBC 配置

• /etc/odbc.ini

  [access_db] # 随意命名，会在项目代码里用到它
  Description=Microsoft Access Database
  Driver=MDBW
  ServerName = localhost
  Database=/root/Database1.mdb # 按你的实际路径改写，要有读写权限

• /etc/odbcinst.ini

  [MDBW] # 随意，在odbc.ini文件用到它
  Description=MDBTools Driver Wide # 随意
  Driver=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libmdbodbcW.so # 按你的实际路径改写
  Setup=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libmdbodbcW.so # 按你的实际路径改写
  FileUsage=1
  UsageCount=1
  [MDBTools]
  Description=MDBTools Driver # 随意
  Driver=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libmdbodbc.so # 按你的实际路径改写
  Setup=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libmdbodbc.so # 按你的实际路径改写
  FileUsage=1
  UsageCount=1
  [ODBC]
  Trace=1
  TraceFile=/tmp/mdb.log # 有写入权限的文件路径

Demo 项目代码

输出：

UserName: Allen
UserName: Joy

编译和发布

在 OdbcForLinuxTestApp 目录下，执行命令：

dotnet publish -c Release -f net8.0 -r win-x64 -o ./publish/win-x64 # 如果只考虑 Linux平台，该命令可忽略
dotnet publish -c Release -f net8.0 -r linux-x64 -o ./publish/linux-x64

运行 OdbcForLinuxTestApp

注意：Database1.mdb 数据库文件需要提前放到正确的路径，以 odbc.ini文件 的 Database 配置项为准。

cd ./publish/linux-x64
chmod +x OdbcForLinuxTestApp # 授予可执行权限
./OdbcForLinuxTestApp

BASH 复制 全屏

• Program.cs

  using System.Data;
  using System.Data.Common;
  using System.Data.Odbc;
  using System.Data.OleDb;
  
  namespace OdbcForLinuxTestApp;
  
  internal sealed class Program
  {
      static async Task Main(string[] args)
      {
          string connectionStrings;
          if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
          {
              string mdbFile = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Database1.mdb");
              connectionStrings = $"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source={mdbFile}";
          }
          else
          {
              //root/Database1.mdb
              connectionStrings = "DSN=access_db;";
          }
  
          await using (DbConnection conn = GetDbConnection(connectionStrings))
          {
              await conn.OpenAsync();
              DbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
              cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
              cmd.CommandText = "select [ID],[UserName] from Users";
  
              DbDataReader reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
              while (await reader.ReadAsync())
              {
                  //The MDBTools does not support the use of column names
                  string userName = reader.GetString(1);
                  Console.WriteLine("UserName: " + userName);
              }
          }
      }
  
      private static string DbProviderName => OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? "System.Data.OleDb" : "System.Data.Odbc";
  
      private static DbConnection GetDbConnection(string connectionStrings)
      {
          RegisterOdbcOrOleDbFactory();
          DbProviderFactory dbFactory = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(DbProviderName);
          DbConnection? conn = dbFactory.CreateConnection();
          if (conn == null)
          {
              return OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? new OleDbConnection(connectionStrings) : new OdbcConnection(connectionStrings);
          }
  
          conn.ConnectionString = connectionStrings;
          return conn;
      }
  
      private static int _isRegisteredDbFactory;
      private static void RegisterOdbcOrOleDbFactory()
      {
          if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _isRegisteredDbFactory, 1, 0) == 0)
          {
              string dbProviderName = DbProviderName;
              IEnumerable<string> providerInvariantNames = DbProviderFactories.GetProviderInvariantNames();
              string? invariantName = providerInvariantNames.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Equals(dbProviderName, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase));
              if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(invariantName))
              {
                  DbProviderFactories.RegisterFactory(dbProviderName, OdbcFactory.Instance);
              }
          }
      }
  }

  编译和发布 Demo 项目代码

  准备工作

• 创建 OdbcForLinuxTestApp 目录

• 将上述两个代码文件放入 OdbcForLinuxTestApp 目录

• 安装 .NET SDK 8.0.100