Oracle的安装及使用流程

1.Win10安装Oracle10g

1.1 安装与测试

安装版本： OracleXEUniv10.2.1015.exe
步骤参考： oracleXe下载与安装

安装完成后测试是否正常

bash 复制代码

# 输入命令连接oracle
conn sys as sysdba;
# 无密码，直接按回车
# 测试连接的sql语句
select 1 from dual;

1.2 查询数据库信息

bash 复制代码

#在Oracle中
#查询数据库名
select name,dbid from v$database;或者show parameter db_name;
#查询实例名
select instance_name from v$instance;或者show parameter instance_name;
#查询数据库域名
select value from v$parameter where name='db_domain';或者show parameter domain;
#查询数据库服务器
select value from v$parameter where name='service_name';或者show parameter service;或者show parameter names;

#在PL/SQL下
Oracle用户查询其他用户的表一定要使用user.table格式才能查询，每次用户名.表名嫌麻烦的话。可以使用同义词，意思将user.table访问格式改成table格式即可
#创建同义词语句格式：
create public synonym table_name for user.table_name;
public很关键词，访问权限修饰，若想某表的授权用户也能用同义词查询，必须要用public访问修饰符。
#举例说明
原本"表前缀.表名"格式才能访问select * from PAASDATA.paas_city_def;
创建同义词：create public synonym table_name for PAASDATA.paas_city_def;
可直接用表名：select * from paas_city_def;

1.3 自定义用户和表空间

执行创建命令

bash 复制代码

conn sys/root as sysdba;
# 查询实例
select instance_name from v$instance;
# 查询数据库
select name from v$datafile;
# 创建表空间
create tablespace CK_BUS_TABLE_SPACE datafile 'D:/AsiaInfo/oraclexe/oraclexe/oradata/XE/CK_BUS_TABLE_SPACE.dbf' size 200m 
autoextend on extent  management local segment space management auto;
# 查询数据库
select name from v$datafile;
# 创建用户并指定表空间
# CREATE USER 用户 IDENTIFIED BY 用户密码 DEFAULT TABLESPACE NOTIFYDB;
CREATE USER CK_BUS IDENTIFIED BY ck_bus DEFAULT TABLESPACE CK_BUS_TABLE_SPACE;
# 给用户授予dba的权限
grant dba to CK_BUS; 

# 查看当前数据库连接数
select count(*) from v$process;
# 查看数据库允许的最大连接数
select value from v$parameter where name = 'processes';
# 如果数据库连接数超过最大连接数，请修改最大连接数，我这里修改成了1000
alter system set processes = 1000 scope = spfile;
# 重启
shutdown immediate;
startup;

测试创建结果

shell 复制代码

# 登录账号
conn CK_BUS/ck_bus@xe;
select * from dual;

2.CentOS7安装Oracle11gR2

2.1 安装与测试

bash 复制代码

#CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
redhat-7

yum -y install binutils* compat-libcap1* compat-libstdc++* gcc* gcc-c++* glibc* glibc-devel* ksh* libaio* libaio-devel* libgcc* libstdc++* libstdc++-devel* libXi* libXtst* make* sysstat* elfutils* unixODBC* unzip lrzsz

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g dba -m oracle
passwd oracle
id oracle
mkdir -p /data/oracle
mkdir -p /data/oracle/inventory
mkdir -p /data/oracle/src
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle/inventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle/src

#解压linux.x64_11gR2安装包
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/oracle/src
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/oracle/src
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle/src
ll /data/oracle/src

su oracle
vim /data/oracle/src/database/response/db_install.rsp

/data/oracle/src/database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /data/oracle/src/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
vim /data/oracle/src/database/response/netca.rsp

/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /data/oracle/src/database/response/netca.rsp

vim /data/oracle/src/database/response/dbca.rsp

/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /data/oracle/src/database/response/dbca.rsp

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart

vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut

# 遇到问题
# 解决linux中oracle的/etc/oratab文件的缺失导致数据库启动失败https://blog.csdn.net/kruie/article/details/88676777

vim /etc/oratab
orcl:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su oracle -lc "/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc "/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart"

su oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba

2.2 创建用户和表空间

以超级管理员身份登录
创建表空间
创建用户
给用户授权
查询测试

shell 复制代码

# linux创建数据库Oracle用户,linux下ORACLE数据库中创建新用户
# https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_29325515/article/details/116349855
su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog
# 通过超级管理员以dba的身份登录
conn sys/root as sysdba;
# conn /as sysdba
# startup
select name from v$datafile;
# 查询实例
select instance_name from v$instance;
# 创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE MY_ORACLE_TABLE_SPACE DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/my_oracle_table_space.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
select name from v$datafile;
# 创建用户并指定表空间
# CREATE USER 用户 IDENTIFIED BY 用户密码 DEFAULT TABLESPACE NOTIFYDB;
CREATE USER CK_BUS IDENTIFIED BY ck_bus DEFAULT TABLESPACE MY_ORACLE_TABLE_SPACE;
# 给用户授予dba的权限
grant dba to CK_BUS; 

exit;

db_name=ora_ck
db_block_size=8192
control_files=(/data/oracle/oradata/check/ora_ck.ctl)
undo_tablespace=undotbs1
undo_management=auto
sga_max_size=1024M
sga_target=1024M
pga_aggregate_target=1024M
log_buffer=10485760
processes=300
open_cursors=2000
sessions=330
audit_trail ='db'
db_domain=''
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
compatible ='11.2.0.1.0'

export ORACLE_SID=ora_ck
sqlplus / as sysdba

mkdir redo
mkdir data
startup nomount pfile='/data/oracle/oradata/check/ora_ck.ora'

CREATE DATABASE ora_ck
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/check/data/system_01.dbf' SIZE 1024m autoextend on
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/check/data/sysaux_01.dbf' SIZE 512m autoextend on
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1 DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/check/data/undotbs1_01.dbf' SIZE 1024m autoextend on
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE 
'/data/oracle/oradata/check/data/temp_01.dbf' SIZE 1024m REUSE autoextend on
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('/data/oracle/oradata/check/redo/redo11.log','/data/oracle/oradata/check/redo/redo12.log') SIZE 50m,
GROUP 2 ('/data/oracle/oradata/check/redo/redo21.log','/data/oracle/oradata/check/redo/redo22.log') SIZE 50m,
GROUP 3 ('/data/oracle/oradata/check/redo/redo31.log','/data/oracle/oradata/check/redo/redo32.log') SIZE 50m
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET UTF8;

create spfile from pfile='/data/oracle/oradata/check/ora_ck.ora';

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc

lsnrctl status
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl reload
hostname
more /etc/hosts
ps -ef|grep LISTENER
kill 4562
# 开机自启动
cat /etc/oratab

su - oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ora_ck
sqlplus / as sysdba
# 动态绑定，不需要考虑listener.ora和tnsnames.ora
alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.22.31.214)(PORT=1521))';
alter system register;
show parameter local_listener
show parameter service
shutdown immediate
startup
 
# 不使用该语句，则默认连接orcl数据库
export ORACLE_SID=ora_ck
sqlplus / as sysdba
# 查询实例
select instance_name from v$instance;
# 查询数据库
select name from v$datafile;
# 创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE CK_BUS_TABLE_SPACE DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/check/data/ck_bus_table_space.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
# 查询数据库
select name from v$datafile;
# 创建用户并指定表空间
# CREATE USER 用户 IDENTIFIED BY 用户密码 DEFAULT TABLESPACE NOTIFYDB;
CREATE USER CK_BUS IDENTIFIED BY ck_bus DEFAULT TABLESPACE CK_BUS_TABLE_SPACE;
# 给用户授予dba的权限
grant dba to CK_BUS;