实验要求：
实验思路：
1.划分IP地址：
将172.16.0.0/16的网段划分为172.16.0.0/24的多个网段，因为在实际工程当中，24的网段更符合用户网段，因此先将网段划分为172.16.0.0 /24的多个子网掩码为24的网段，再将172.16.0.0/24的多个网段进行划分，将172.16.0.0/24的网段用于P2P网络当中，将172.16.1.0/24的网段用于MA网络当中，每个路由器的环回接口都使用一个子网掩码为24的网段
2.中间区域部署ospf协议：
AS 2区域部署ospf协议，采用BGP联邦划分两个子AS区域，子AS区域之间建立EBGP对等体关系，子AS区域内建立IBGP对等体关系且部署路由反射器。
3.建立邻居关系
启动BGP协议建立邻居关系，使得整个BGP协议可以使得BGP路由可达。其中需要注意，有小的联邦的AS号需要将小的联邦的AS号进行先配置，再将所属的真实的AS号进行发布。如果有联邦EBGP，并要宣告邻居联邦EBGP的AS号。此实验当中联邦IBGP对等体中需要配置路由反射器，从而实现BGP路由的传递。
4.减少路由条目：
减少路由条目，可以使用配置一条空接口路由来完成，即达成了路由条目的减少，也达到空接口防环的机制，且最重要的是，从而实现了整个AS2内的环回接口可达。
5.在R1与R8上建立GRE隧道
通过在R1与R8上创建GRE隧道，来实现192.168.1.0/24与192.168.2.0/24的环回接口进行通讯，注意的是，隧道中源目接口的IP地址要使用R1与R8上另外以一个环回接口。
注意：是因为物理接口没有去往对方的路由信息，如果选用物理接口，无法通讯。
IP地址分化：
1.骨干链路：
172.16.8.0 22；172.16.12.0 22；172.16.16.0 22
172.16.20.0 22；172.16.24.0 22；172.16.28.0 22
2.环回：
172.16.64.0 22；172.16.96.0 22；172.16.128.0 22
172.16.160.0 22；172.16.192.0 22；172.16.224.0 22
实验过程：
配置：
1.进行IP地址配置
R1:
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 12.1.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip a 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip a 10.0.0.1 24
R2:
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 12.1.1.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.2.1 24
[r2]int g 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.1.1 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip a 172.16.1.9 29
R3:
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.2 29
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.3.1 24
[r3-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.1.17 29
R4:
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.18 29
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.1.25 29
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.4.1 24
R5:
[r5]int g 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.10 29
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.1.133 29
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.5.1 24
R6:
[r6]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.34 29
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.6.1 24
[r6-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.1.41 29
R7:
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.42 29
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.7.1 24
[r7-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.1.26 29
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip a 34.1.1.1 24
R8:
[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 34.1.1.2 24
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip a 192.168.2.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r8-LoopBack1]ip a 11.0.0.1 24
2.AS2中启用OSPF协议
R2:
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R3:
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R4:
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]a 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R5:
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R6:
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R7:
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
3.启用BGP协议建立对等体连接
R1:
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]route-select
[r1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as 2
R2:
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]route-select
[r2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-bgp]confederation id 2
[r2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as 1
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as 64512
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 next-hop-local
R3:
[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-bgp]confederation id 2
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
R4:
[r4]bgp 64512
[r4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-bgp]confederation id 2
[r4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as 64512
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
R5:
[r5]bgp 64513
[r5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-bgp]confederation id 2
[r5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as 64513
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
R6:
[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-bgp]confederation id 2
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
R7:
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-bgp]confederation id 2
[r7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.2 as 3
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 next-hop-local
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 next-hop-local
R8:
[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.1 as 2
4.发布路由信息
R1:
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]network 10.0.0.0 24
R8:
[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]network 11.0.0.0 24
5.破除IBGP之间的水平分割，配置路由反射器
R3:
[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 reflect-client
R6:
[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 reflect-client
6.减少路由条目
R2:
[r2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
R7:
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 22 NULL 0
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
7.建立GRE隧道实现两个环回之间的通信
R1:
[r1]int t0/0/0
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 192.168.10.1 24
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 10.0.0.1
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 11.0.0.1
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 99.0.0.2
R8:
[r8]int t0/0/0
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 192.168.10.2 24
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 11.0.0.1
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 10.0.0.1
[r8]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 99.0.0.1