学习Java第60天,ServletConfig和ServletContext

ServletConfig是什么

为Servlet提供初始配置参数的一种对象,每个Servlet都有自己独立唯一的ServletConfig对象
容器会为每个Servlet实例化一个ServletConfig对象,并通过Servlet生命周期的init方法传入给Servlet作为属性

ServletConfig是一个接口,定义了如下API

java 复制代码

package jakarta.servlet;
import java.util.Enumeration;
public interface ServletConfig {
    String getServletName();
    ServletContext getServletContext();
    String getInitParameter(String var1);
    Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
}

ServletConfig怎么用,测试代码如下

java 复制代码

public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletConfig servletConfig = this.getServletConfig();
        // 根据参数名获取单个参数
        String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter("param1");
        System.out.println("param1:"+value);
        // 获取所有参数名
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
        // 迭代并获取参数名
        while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String paramaterName = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(paramaterName+":"+servletConfig.getInitParameter(paramaterName));
        }
    }
}



public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletConfig servletConfig = this.getServletConfig();
        // 根据参数名获取单个参数
        String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter("param1");
        System.out.println("param1:"+value);
        // 获取所有参数名
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
        // 迭代并获取参数名
        while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String paramaterName = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(paramaterName+":"+servletConfig.getInitParameter(paramaterName));
        }
    }
}

XML 复制代码

  <servlet>
       <servlet-name>ServletA</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>com.atguigu.servlet.ServletA</servlet-class>
       <!--配置ServletA的初始参数-->
       <init-param>
           <param-name>param1</param-name>
           <param-value>value1</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>param2</param-name>
           <param-value>value2</param-value>
       </init-param>
   </servlet>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ServletB</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.atguigu.servlet.ServletB</servlet-class>
        <!--配置ServletB的初始参数-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>param3</param-name>
            <param-value>value3</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>param4</param-name>
            <param-value>value4</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ServletA</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servletA</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ServletB</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servletB</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试.

ServletContext是什么

ServletContext对象有称呼为上下文对象,或者叫应用域对象(后面统一讲解域对象)
容器会为每个app创建一个独立的唯一的ServletContext对象
ServletContext对象为所有的Servlet所共享
ServletContext可以为所有的Servlet提供初始配置参数

ServletContext怎么用

配置参数:

XML 复制代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>paramA</param-name>
        <param-value>valueA</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>paramB</param-name>
        <param-value>valueB</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

在Servlet中获取ServletContext并获取参数

java 复制代码

package com.atguigu.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletConfig;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
        // 从ServletContext中获取为所有的Servlet准备的参数
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String valueA = servletContext.getInitParameter("paramA");
        System.out.println("paramA:"+valueA);
        // 获取所有参数名
        Enumeration<String> initParameterNames = servletContext.getInitParameterNames();
        // 迭代并获取参数名
        while (initParameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String paramaterName = initParameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(paramaterName+":"+servletContext.getInitParameter(paramaterName));
        }
    }
}