MAC地址(Media Access Control address),又称为物理地址或硬件地址,是网络适配器(网卡)在制造时被分配的全球唯一的48位地址。这个地址是数据链路层(OSI模型的第二层)的一部分,用于在局域网(LAN)中唯一标识网络设备。获取网卡地址主要用于网络标识和身份验证的目的。MAC地址是一个唯一的硬件地址,通常由网卡的制造商在制造过程中分配。通过获取MAC地址可以判断当前主机的唯一性可以与IP地址绑定并实现网络准入控制。
在Windows平台下获取MAC地址的方式有很多,获取MAC地址的常见方式包括使用操作系统提供的网络API(如Windows的GetAdaptersAddresses和GetAdaptersInfo),NetBIOS API,系统命令(如ipconfig /all),ARP缓存表查询,第三方库(如WinPcap或Libpcap),以及在编程语言中使用网络库。
首先第一种获取方法封装GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses
函数,该功能的实现通过调用系统中的GetAdaptersAddresses
获取计算机的MAC地址。
该函数首先分配内存来存储适配器信息,然后调用 GetAdaptersAddresses 函数获取适配器信息。如果内存不足,它会重新分配足够的内存并再次调用该函数。接着,它遍历返回的适配器信息,找到第一个物理地址长度为6的适配器,然后将其MAC地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的 macOUT 变量中。最后,释放分配的内存,并返回一个布尔值。
c
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <string>
#pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")
using namespace std;
bool GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses(std::string& macOUT)
{
bool ret = false;
ULONG outBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES);
PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)malloc(outBufLen);
if (pAddresses == NULL)
return false;
if (GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
{
free(pAddresses);
pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)malloc(outBufLen);
if (pAddresses == NULL)
return false;
}
if (GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen) == NO_ERROR)
{
for (PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = pAddresses; pCurrAddresses != NULL; pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next)
{
// 确保MAC地址的长度为 00-00-00-00-00-00
if (pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength != 6)
continue;
char acMAC[32];
sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X",
int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[0]),
int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[1]),
int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[2]),
int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[3]),
int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[4]),
int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[5]));
macOUT = acMAC;
ret = true;
break;
}
}
free(pAddresses);
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::string refBuffer;
GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses(refBuffer);
std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
第二种方式GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo
函数,通过调用系统的GetAdaptersInfo
获取计算机的主网卡的MAC地址。函数首先分配内存来存储适配器信息,然后调用GetAdaptersInfo
获取适配器信息。如果内存不足,它会重新分配足够的内存并再次调用该函数。接着,它遍历返回的适配器信息,找到第一个类型为以太网且物理地址长度为6的适配器,然后将其MAC地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的macOUT
变量中。最后,释放分配的内存,并返回一个布尔值。
c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <string>
#pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")
using namespace std;
bool GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo(std::string& macOUT)
{
bool ret = false;
ULONG ulOutBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)malloc(sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO));
if (pAdapterInfo == NULL)
return false;
if (GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
{
free(pAdapterInfo);
pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)malloc(ulOutBufLen);
if (pAdapterInfo == NULL)
return false;
}
if (GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen) == NO_ERROR)
{
for (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapter = pAdapterInfo; pAdapter != NULL; pAdapter = pAdapter->Next)
{
// 确保是以太网
if (pAdapter->Type != MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET)
continue;
// 确保MAC地址的长度为 00-00-00-00-00-00
if (pAdapter->AddressLength != 6)
continue;
char acMAC[32];
sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X",
int(pAdapter->Address[0]),
int(pAdapter->Address[1]),
int(pAdapter->Address[2]),
int(pAdapter->Address[3]),
int(pAdapter->Address[4]),
int(pAdapter->Address[5]));
macOUT = acMAC;
ret = true;
break;
}
}
free(pAdapterInfo);
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::string refBuffer;
GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo(refBuffer);
std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
第三种封装一个GetMacByNetBIOS
函数,其使用NetBIOS API
获取指定适配器号(adapterNum)
的MAC地址。函数首先通过NCBRESET
命令重置指定网卡以便进行查询。接着,使用NCBASTAT
命令获取接口卡的状态块,其中包含了适配器的物理地址。如果NetBIOS
调用成功,将适配器的MAC
地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的macOUT
变量中,最后返回一个布尔值。
c
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <string>
#pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")
using namespace std;
bool GetAdapterInfo(int adapterNum, std::string& macOUT)
{
NCB Ncb;
memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(Ncb));
// 重置网卡 以便我们可以查询
Ncb.ncb_command = NCBRESET;
Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapterNum;
if (Netbios(&Ncb) != NRC_GOODRET)
return false;
// 准备取得接口卡的状态块
memset(&Ncb, sizeof(Ncb), 0);
Ncb.ncb_command = NCBASTAT;
Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapterNum;
strcpy((char*)Ncb.ncb_callname, "*");
struct ASTAT
{
ADAPTER_STATUS adapt;
NAME_BUFFER nameBuff[30];
}adapter;
memset(&adapter, sizeof(adapter), 0);
Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char*)&adapter;
Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(adapter);
if (Netbios(&Ncb) != 0)
return false;
char acMAC[32];
sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X",
int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[0]),
int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[1]),
int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[2]),
int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[3]),
int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[4]),
int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[5]));
macOUT = acMAC;
return true;
}
bool GetMacByNetBIOS(std::string& macOUT)
{
// 取得网卡列表
LANA_ENUM adapterList;
NCB Ncb;
memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(NCB));
Ncb.ncb_command = NCBENUM;
Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char*)&adapterList;
Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(adapterList);
Netbios(&Ncb);
// 取得MAC
for (int i = 0; i < adapterList.length; ++i)
{
if (GetAdapterInfo(adapterList.lana[i], macOUT))
return true;
}
return false;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::string refBuffer;
GetMacByNetBIOS(refBuffer);
std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
三种方式均可以输出系统的MAC地址,可根据自己的需求选择;