SpringBoot 整合 JWT

步骤 1: 添加依赖

在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖，引入Spring Security和JWT相关的库：

xml 复制代码

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version> <!-- 最新版本请查阅 Maven 仓库 -->
</dependency>

步骤 2: 配置JWT

在application.properties或application.yml中添加JWT的一些配置：

yml 复制代码

# JWT Configuration
jwt.secret=yourSecretKey
jwt.expirationMs=3600000  # 1 hour

步骤 3: 创建JWT工具类

创建一个JWT工具类，用于生成和解析JWT：

java 复制代码

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
public class JwtUtils {

    @Value("${jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;

    @Value("${jwt.expirationMs}")
    private int expirationMs;

    public String generateJwtToken(String username) {
        Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expirationMs);

        return Jwts.builder()
                .setSubject(username)
                .setIssuedAt(new Date())
                .setExpiration(expirationDate)
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret)
                .compact();
    }

    public String getUsernameFromJwtToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(secret)
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();

        return claims.getSubject();
    }

    public boolean validateJwtToken(String token) {
        try {
            Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // handle exception, e.g., log or throw custom exception
        }

        return false;
    }
}

步骤 4: 配置Spring Security

创建一个继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter的类，配置Spring Security以使用JWT：

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;

@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    private final JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;

    public SecurityConfig(UserDetailsService userDetailsService, JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint) {
        this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
        this.jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint = jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtAuthenticationFilter jwtAuthenticationFilter() {
        return new JwtAuthenticationFilter();
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }

    @Bean
    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }

    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and()
                .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint)
            .and()
                .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);

        http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }
}

步骤 5: 创建JWT认证过滤器

创建一个JWT认证过滤器，用于在每个请求中验证JWT：

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    private final JwtUtils jwtUtils;
    private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    public JwtAuthenticationFilter(JwtUtils jwtUtils, UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
        this.jwtUtils = jwtUtils;
        this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String jwt = parseJwt(request);
        if (jwt != null &amp;&amp; jwtUtils.validateJwtToken(jwt)) {
            String username = jwtUtils.getUsernameFromJwtToken(jwt);

            UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication =
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
            authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));

            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    private String parseJwt(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String headerAuth = request.getHeader("Authorization");

        if (StringUtils.hasText(headerAuth) &amp;&amp; headerAuth.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            return headerAuth.substring(7);
        }

        return null;
    }
}

步骤 6: 创建认证入口点

创建一个认证入口点，用于处理验证失败的情况：

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {

    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                         AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, "Unauthorized");
    }
}

步骤 7: 创建认证服务

创建一个用户详细信息服务，实现UserDetailsService接口：

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.Collections;
@Service
public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {