一、什么是SpringDoc
SpringDoc注解的使用,它是基于OpenAPI 3和Swagger 3的现代化解决方案,相较于旧版的Swagger2(SpringFox),SpringDoc提供了更简洁、更直观的注解方式。
二、SpringDoc的注解分类
2.1 作用于类的注解
1. @Tag
用于说明或定义的标签。也可以作用于方法上
部分参数:
name:名称
description:描述
bash
@Tag(name = "用户接口", description = "用户管理相关接口")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
}
2. @Hidden
某个元素(API操作、实体类属性等)是否在 API 文档中隐藏。当我们想要隐藏某些不必要的信息时,可以使用@Parameter(hidden = true)、@Operation(hidden = true)或者@Hidden注解。
3. @ApiResponse
API 的响应信息。也可以作用于方法上,一般常用于方法上
部分参数:
responseCode:响应的 HTTP 状态码
description:响应信息的描述
content:响应的内容
bash
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "查询成功", content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = User.class)))
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "查询失败")
@GetMapping("/users/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<User> getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
// ...
}
4. @Schema
用于描述实体类属性的描述、示例、验证规则等,比如 POJO 类及属性。
部分参数:
name:名称
title:标题
description:描述
example:示例值
required:是否为必须
format:属性的格式。如 @Schema(format = "email")
maxLength 、 minLength:指定字符串属性的最大长度和最小长度
maximum 、 minimum:指定数值属性的最大值和最小值
pattern:指定属性的正则表达式模式
type: 数据类型(integer,long,float,double,string,byte,binary,
boolean,date,dateTime,password),必须是字符串。
如 @Schema=(type="integer")
implementation :具体的实现类,可以是类本身,也可以是父类或实现的接口。
bash
@Tag(name = "用户", description = "用户实体类")
@Data
public class User {
@Schema(name = "用户id", type = "long")
private Long id;
@Schema(name = "用户名", type = "long")
private String name;
@Schema(name = "密码", type = "password", minLength = "6", maxLength = "20")
private String password;
}
2.2 作用于方法上
1. @Operation
描述 API 操作的元数据信息。常用于 controller 的方法上
部分参数:
summary:简短描述
description :更详细的描述
hidden:是否隐藏
tags:标签,用于分组API
operationId:操作的唯一标识符,建议使用唯一且具有描述性的名称
parameters:指定相关的请求参数,使用 @Parameter 注解来定义参数的详细属性。
requestBody:指定请求的内容,使用 @RequestBody 注解來指定请求的类型。
responses:指定操作的返回内容,使用 @ApiResponse 注解定义返回值的详细属性。
bash
@Operation(
summary = "操作摘要",
description = "操作的详细描述",
operationId = "operationId",
tags = "tag1",
parameters = {
@Parameter(name = "param1", description = "参数1", required = true),
@Parameter(name = "param2", description = "参数2", required = false)
},
requestBody = @RequestBody(
description = "请求描述",
required = true,
content = @Content(
mediaType = "application/json",
schema = @Schema(implementation = RequestBodyModel.class)
)
),
responses = {
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "成功", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ResponseModel.class))),
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "错误", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponseModel.class)))
}
)
// @Tag(name = "标签1")
// @ApiResponses(value = {
// @ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "成功", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ResponseModel.class))),
// @ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "錯誤", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponseModel.class)))
//})
public void Operation() {
// 逻辑
}
2. @Parameter
用于描述 API 操作中的参数
部分参数:
name : 指定的参数名
in:参数来源,可选 query、header、path 或 cookie,默认为空,表示忽略
ParameterIn.QUERY 请求参数
ParameterIn.PATH 路径参数
ParameterIn.HEADER header参数
ParameterIn.COOKIE cookie 参数
description:参数描述
required:是否必填,默认为 false
schema :参数的数据类型。如 schema = @Schema(type = "string")
bash
@Operation(summary = "根据用户名查询用户列表")
@GetMapping("/query/{username}")
public List<User> queryUserByName(@Parameter(name = "username", in = ParameterIn.PATH,
description = "用户名",required = true) @PathVariable("username") String userName) {
return new ArrayList<>();
}
3. @Parameters
包含多个 @Parameter 注解,指定多个参数。
bash
@Parameters({
@Parameter(
name = "param1",
description = "description",
required = true,
in = ParameterIn.PATH,
schema = @Schema(type = "string")
),
@Parameter(
name = "param2",
description = "description",
required = true,
in = ParameterIn.QUERY,
schema = @Schema(type = "integer")
)
})
4. @RequestBody @Content
内容注解。
部分参数:
mediaType:内容的类型。比如:application/json
schema:内容的模型定义,使用 @Schema 注解指定模型的相关信息。
bash
@Operation(
requestBody = @RequestBody(
description = "请求描述",
required = true,
content = @Content(
mediaType = "application/json",
schema = @Schema(implementation = RequestBodyModel.class)
)
)
)
public void Operation() {
// 逻辑
}
三、场景配置
3.1 类及 pojo 上
bash
@Tag(name = "用户", description = "用户交互载体")
@Data
public class User {
@Schema(name = "用户id", type = "string")
private String id;
@Schema(name = "用户名", type = "string")
private String name;
@Schema(name = "密码", type = "string")
private String password;
}
3.2 Controller 上
bash
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
@Tag(name = "用户管理", description = "用户数据增删改查")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
@Operation(
summary = "根据ID,查询用户",
parameters = {
@Parameter(name = "id", required = true, in = ParameterIn.PATH)
},
responses = {
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200",description = "成功",content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json", schema = @Schema(implementation = User.class))),
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "错误", content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json"))
}
)
public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService.getUserById(id);
}
}
3.3 分页场景
bash
@Operation(description = "searches inventory", operationId = "searchInventory", summary = "By passing in the appropriate options, you can search for available inventory in the system ", tags = {
"developers", },
parameters = {
@Parameter(description = "pass an optional search string for looking up inventory", name = "searchString")
}
)
@ApiResponses(value = {
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "search results matching criteria"),
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "bad input parameter")
})
@GetMapping(value = "/inventory", produces = { "application/json" })
ResponseEntity<List<InventoryItem>> searchInventory(
@Valid @RequestParam(value = "searchString", required = false) String searchString,
// 目标页数必须不是负数
@Min(0) @Parameter(description = "number of records to skip for pagination") @Valid @RequestParam(value = "skip", required = true) Integer skip,
// 返回的结果数不能大于50条记录
@Min(0) @Max(50) @Parameter(description = "maximum number of records to return") @Valid @RequestParam(value = "limit", required = true) Integer limit);