【libGDX】使用Mesh绘制矩形

1 前言

​ 使用Mesh绘制三角形 中介绍了绘制三角形的方法，本文将介绍绘制正方形的方法。

​ libGDX 以点、线段、三角形为图元，没有提供绘制矩形内部的接口。要绘制矩形内部，必须通过三角形拼接而成，如下图，是通过 GL_TRIANGLE_FAN 模式绘制矩形。

​ 绘制的坐标点如下，屏幕中心为坐标原点，向右和向上分别为 x 轴和 y 轴正方向。

float[] vertices = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 左下
        0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 右下
        0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // 右上
        -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f // 左上
};

​ 本文将使用 Mesh、ShaderProgram、Shader 绘制矩形，OpenGL ES 的实现见博客 → 绘制正方形，本节完整代码资源见 → libGDX使用Mesh绘制矩形。

2 绘制矩形

​ DesktopLauncher.java

package com.zhyan8.game;

import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl3.Lwjgl3Application;
import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl3.Lwjgl3ApplicationConfiguration;

public class DesktopLauncher {
	public static void main (String[] arg) {
		Lwjgl3ApplicationConfiguration config = new Lwjgl3ApplicationConfiguration();
		config.setForegroundFPS(60);
		config.setTitle("Square");
		new Lwjgl3Application(new Square(), config);
	}
}

​ Square.java

package com.zhyan8.game;

import com.badlogic.gdx.ApplicationAdapter;
import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.GL30;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.VertexAttribute;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.VertexAttributes.Usage;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram;

public class Square extends ApplicationAdapter {
	private ShaderProgram mShaderProgram;
	private Mesh mMesh;

	@Override
	public void create() {
		initShader();
		initMesh();
	}

	@Override
	public void render() {
		Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0.455f, 0.725f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
		Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
		mShaderProgram.bind();
		mMesh.render(mShaderProgram, GL30.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
	}

	@Override
	public void dispose() {
		mShaderProgram.dispose();
		mMesh.dispose();
	}

	private void initShader() { // 初始化着色器程序
		String vertex = Gdx.files.internal("shaders/square_vertex.glsl").readString();
		String fragment = Gdx.files.internal("shaders/square_fragment.glsl").readString();
		mShaderProgram = new ShaderProgram(vertex, fragment);
	}

	private void initMesh() { // 初始化网格
		float[] vertices = {
				-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 左下
				0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 右下
				0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // 右上
				-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f // 左上
		};
		short[] indices = {0, 1, 2, 3};
		VertexAttribute vertexPosition = new VertexAttribute(Usage.Position, 3, "a_position");
		mMesh = new Mesh(true, vertices.length / 3, indices.length, vertexPosition);
		mMesh.setVertices(vertices);
		mMesh.setIndices(indices);
	}
}

​ square_vertex.glsl

#version 300 es

in vec3 a_position;

void main() {
    gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 1.0);
}

​ square_fragment.glsl

#version 300 es
precision mediump float; // 声明float型变量的精度为mediump

out vec4 fragColor;

void main() {
    fragColor = vec4(1, 0, 0, 0);
}

​ 运行效果如下。

3 绘制正方形

​ Square.java

package com.zhyan8.game;

import com.badlogic.gdx.ApplicationAdapter;
import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.GL30;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.VertexAttribute;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.VertexAttributes.Usage;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram;

public class Square extends ApplicationAdapter {
	private ShaderProgram mShaderProgram;
	private Mesh mMesh;
	private float mRatio;

	@Override
	public void create() {
		initShader();
		initMesh();
	}

	@Override
	public void render() {
		Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0.455f, 0.725f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
		Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
		mShaderProgram.bind();
		mShaderProgram.setUniformf("u_wh_ratio", mRatio);
		mMesh.render(mShaderProgram, GL30.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
	}

	@Override
	public void dispose() {
		mShaderProgram.dispose();
		mMesh.dispose();
	}

	private void initShader() { // 初始化着色器程序
		String vertex = Gdx.files.internal("shaders/square_vertex.glsl").readString();
		String fragment = Gdx.files.internal("shaders/square_fragment.glsl").readString();
		mShaderProgram = new ShaderProgram(vertex, fragment);
		mRatio = 1.0f * Gdx.graphics.getWidth() / Gdx.graphics.getHeight();
	}

	private void initMesh() { // 初始化网格
		float[] vertices = {
				-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 左下
				0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 右下
				0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // 右上
				-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f // 左上
		};
		short[] indices = {0, 1, 2, 3};
		VertexAttribute vertexPosition = new VertexAttribute(Usage.Position, 3, "a_position");
		mMesh = new Mesh(true, vertices.length / 3, indices.length, vertexPosition);
		mMesh.setVertices(vertices);
		mMesh.setIndices(indices);
	}
}

​ square_vertex.glsl

#version 300 es

in vec3 a_position;

uniform float u_wh_ratio; // 屏幕宽高比

void main() {
    gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 1.0);
    if (u_wh_ratio > 1.0) {
        gl_Position.x /= u_wh_ratio;
    } else {
        gl_Position.y *= u_wh_ratio;
    }
}

​ square_fragment.glsl

#version 300 es
precision mediump float; // 声明float型变量的精度为mediump

out vec4 fragColor;

void main() {
    fragColor = vec4(0, 1, 0, 0);
}

​ 声明：本文转自【libGDX】使用Mesh绘制矩形。