在使用vmware时发现自己的虚拟机的/dev/cl_server8/root空间不够了，没办法安装新的服务。所以查了一下改空间的办法。
1.在虚拟机关闭的状态下，选中需要扩容的虚拟机->设置->硬件-> 硬盘->扩展->填写扩大到的值。
2.打开虚拟机， 对新增的硬盘空间做新增分区（硬盘数没有增加，增加的是空间）
参考:https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/54b6b9c0fc8b0b2d583b47c6.html
fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (20971520-41943039, default 20971520):
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bc924
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 20971519 9436160 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 20971520 41943039 10485760 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
- reboot重启系统，查看当前分区类型，本例类型为xfs
df -T /dev/sda1
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 188240 850096 19% /boot
- 在新磁盘上创建xfs文件系统
mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
- 创建PV
Haskell
# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name cl_server8
PV Size 9.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2303
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2303
PV UUID MlRwjY-TmVF-H8PV-heSz-ALGL-Q7sp-jFU6Al
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "14.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 14.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 0hmgH0-0wVg-jWUW-65WX-1TYb-sUGH-6jF1qm- PV加入VG，vgextend后接VG Name，我的系统中为cl_server8
Haskell
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 9.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2303
Alloc PE / Size 2303 / 9.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID dYdb4l-wMUh-e2xv-WiaJ-Oa52-NvdF-s5ICJC
# vgextend cl /dev/sda3- VG加入LV
Haskell
# lvextend -l +6416 /dev/cl_server8/root
Size of logical volume cl/root changed from 14.00 GiB (2047 extents) to 17.99 GiB (4606 extents). Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.+6416 "和"/dev/cl_server8/root"来源详解：
"+6416 "来自于vgdisplay命令的Free PE/Size字段:
Haskell
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
...
VG Size 25.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4862
Alloc PE / Size 2303 / 9.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 6416 / 14.00 GiB
VG UUID dYdb4l-wMUh-e2xv-WiaJ-Oa52-NvdF-s5ICJC"/dev/cl_server8/root"来自于lvdisplay命令的LV Path字段。
Haskell
# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/cl_server8/root
LV Name root
VG Name cl_server8
LV UUID 1Y1Lm8-nEvY-pqyA-y4C4-eIZ5-Ix38-OgAUNS
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time server8, 2021-05-07 20:16:24 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 4.00 GiB
Current LE 1024
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1- 调整文件系统大小，本例中是xfs文件系统使用xfs_growfs命令调整，若其他文件系统，如ext4使用resize2fs命令，注意区分。
Haskell
# xfs_growfs /dev/cl/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=524032 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2096128, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2096128 to 4716544- 使用 df查看可以得到已经修改了
Haskell
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 866M 0 866M 0% /dev
tmpfs 896M 0 896M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 896M 18M 878M 2% /run
tmpfs 896M 0 896M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl_server8-root 36G 8.4G 27G 24% /
vmhgfs-fuse 344G 105G 239G 31% /mnt/hgfs
/dev/sda1 947M 239M 708M 26% /boot
tmpfs 180M 1.2M 178M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 180M 4.6M 175M 3% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 8.7G 8.7G 0 100% /run/media/zsc/CentOS-8-3-2011-x86_64-dvd