面试素质三联?
- 
ViewModel优点是啥? 答:保存数据 自动管理。 - 
Fragment能拿Activity的ViewModel么? 答:能吧?。 = = ! - 
ViewModel怎么管理的? 答:母鸡。 - 
ViewModel怎么创建的? 答:母鸡啊结果
回去等消息吧,面试官顺手评价 一个深度不够,基础不牢。
 
逐步拆解
            
            
              kotlin
              
              
            
          
           private  val  model by lazy {
        ViewModelProvider(this).get(BaseViewModel::class.java);
    }
        ViewModelProvider干了啥?
            
            
              kotlin
              
              
            
          
            public constructor(
        owner: ViewModelStoreOwner
    ) : this(owner.viewModelStore, defaultFactory(owner), defaultCreationExtras(owner))
//构建Factory 
 internal fun defaultFactory(owner: ViewModelStoreOwner): Factory =
                if (owner is HasDefaultViewModelProviderFactory)
                    owner.defaultViewModelProviderFactory else instance
        整体看了一下,大体就三件事, 用this的 viewModelStore,搞Factory, 搞参数。
this 里面搞大事。
原来ViewModelProvider需要传入一个ViewModelStoreOwner 接口
            
            
              scss
              
              
            
          
           
public constructor(
        owner: ViewModelStoreOwner
    ) : this(owner.viewModelStore, defaultFactory(owner), defaultCreationExtras(owner))
        看下ViewModelStoreOwner 就一个方法,返回一个ViewModelStore
            
            
              kotlin
              
              
            
          
          interface ViewModelStoreOwner {
    val viewModelStore: ViewModelStore
}
        我们常用的ComponentActivity/Fragment都实现了ViewModelStoreOwner和HasDefaultViewModelProviderFactory ,我们看下他们的实现getViewModelStore()的区别。
ComponentActivity的实现方式
            
            
              scss
              
              
            
          
             @NonNull
    @Override
    public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() {
        if (getApplication() == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Your activity is not yet attached to the "+ "Application instance. You can't request ViewModel before onCreate call.");
        }
        ensureViewModelStore();
        return mViewModelStore;
    }
   void ensureViewModelStore() {
        if (mViewModelStore == null) {
            NonConfigurationInstances nc =
                    (NonConfigurationInstances) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
            if (nc != null) {
                mViewModelStore = nc.viewModelStore;
            }
            if (mViewModelStore == null) {
                mViewModelStore = new ViewModelStore();
            }
        }
    }
        简略看下核心代码,getLastNonConfigurationInstance没有,就直接new一个返回。
ComponentActivity 还是比较简单的,相当于自己管自己。
*
Fragment的实现(版本 1.6.2)
            
            
              less
              
              
            
          
           @NonNull
    @Override
    public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() {
       // 省略部分代码
        return mFragmentManager.getViewModelStore(this);
    }
 
        Fragment 调用FragmentManager的getViewModelStore(),(下面简称Fm)并把自己传入进去了。
追一下看看 进入 Fm。
            
            
              less
              
              
            
          
           private FragmentManagerViewModel mNonConfig; 
@NonNull
    ViewModelStore getViewModelStore(@NonNull Fragment f) {
        return mNonConfig.getViewModelStore(f);
    }
        FragmentManagerViewModel
            
            
              ini
              
              
            
          
          FragmentManagerViewModel extends ViewModel{
//省略部分代码
private final HashMap<String, ViewModelStore> mViewModelStores = new HashMap<>();
  @NonNull
    ViewModelStore getViewModelStore(@NonNull Fragment f) {
        ViewModelStore viewModelStore = mViewModelStores.get(f.mWho);
        if (viewModelStore == null) {
            viewModelStore = new ViewModelStore();
            mViewModelStores.put(f.mWho, viewModelStore);
        }
        return viewModelStore;
    }
  
   //省略部分代码
   }
        FragmentManager 调用自己的mNonConfig,传入了Fragment,mNonConfig 自己就是一个FragmentManagerViewModel。也是一个ViewModel。
到这里我们理解Frament 其实委托给了FragmentManager。
先看下Fm里的mNonConfig 咋来的。看初始化
FragmentManager
            
            
              less
              
              
            
          
          void attachController(@NonNull FragmentHostCallback<?> host,
            @NonNull FragmentContainer container, @Nullable final Fragment parent) {
 //省略部分代码
 
   if (parent != null) {
            mNonConfig = parent.mFragmentManager.getChildNonConfig(parent);
        } else if (host instanceof ViewModelStoreOwner) {
            ViewModelStore viewModelStore = ((ViewModelStoreOwner) host).getViewModelStore();
            mNonConfig = FragmentManagerViewModel.getInstance(viewModelStore);
        } else {
            mNonConfig = new FragmentManagerViewModel(false);
        }
    }
        
        mNonConfig.setIsStateSaved(isStateSaved());
// 设置setNonConfig()
        mFragmentStore.setNonConfig(mNonConfig);
        FragmentManagerViewModel
            
            
              csharp
              
              
            
          
          @NonNull
    static FragmentManagerViewModel getInstance(ViewModelStore viewModelStore) {
        ViewModelProvider viewModelProvider = new ViewModelProvider(viewModelStore,
                FACTORY);
        return viewModelProvider.get(FragmentManagerViewModel.class);
    }
        我们解析三个创建
if可以理解为fragment嵌套 ,去找getChildNonConfig()。else if取到host的viewModelStore,自己创建了一个ViewModelProvider缓存FragmentManagerViewModel类进去。else自己 host 取不到,自己创建一个FragmentManagerViewModel,传入false,表示不自动缓存。
我们看下看下host的真面目
Fragment
            
            
              csharp
              
              
            
          
           void performAttach() {
   //省略部分代码
     mChildFragmentManager.attachController(mHost, createFragmentContainer(), this);
    }
        这host 看下哪里初始化的
FragmentController
            
            
              less
              
              
            
          
           public void attachHost(@Nullable Fragment parent) {
        mHost.mFragmentManager.attachController(
                mHost, mHost /*container*/, parent);
    }
        再看下 这个mHost怎么初始化的
            
            
              typescript
              
              
            
          
          public static FragmentController createController(FragmentHostCallback<?> callbacks) {
        return new FragmentController(callbacks);
    }
        追一下 进入到了FragmentActivity
            
            
              scala
              
              
            
          
           final FragmentController mFragments = FragmentController.createController(new HostCallbacks());
//内部类
 class HostCallbacks extends FragmentHostCallback<FragmentActivity>{
    // 省略部分代码
      @NonNull
        @Override
        public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() {
            return FragmentActivity.this.getViewModelStore();
        }
 }
        捋一下,Fragment里面的 mNonConfig.getViewModelStore(f), 最后会调用到 host .getViewModelStore()。而 host 是 FragmentActivity 里的一个内部类。 最后 调用到 FragmentActivity.this.getViewModelStore()。 而FragmentActivity继承了ComponentActivity。
正常情况下来说,FragmentManager 调用的是 ComponentActivity的getViewModelStore(),拿到了 然后 构建了一个ViewModelProvider() 返回。
实在不行了,自己 创建一个 FragmentManagerViewModel(false)用于处理。
ViewModelStore是个啥?
            
            
              kotlin
              
              
            
          
          open class ViewModelStore {
    private val map = mutableMapOf<String, ViewModel>()
  
    @RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP)
    fun put(key: String, viewModel: ViewModel) {
        val oldViewModel = map.put(key, viewModel)
        oldViewModel?.onCleared()
    }
    @RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP)
    operator fun get(key: String): ViewModel? {
        return map[key]
    }
  
    @RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP)
    fun keys(): Set<String> {
        return HashSet(map.keys)
    }
    fun clear() {
        for (vm in map.values) {
            vm.clear()
        }
        map.clear()
    }
}
        一眼明白,一个map,能存ViewModel。 能清除,无了。
ViewModelProvider. get() 又搞了啥?
            
            
              kotlin
              
              
            
          
           @MainThread
    public open operator fun <T : ViewModel> get(modelClass: Class<T>): T {
        val canonicalName = modelClass.canonicalName
            ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Local and anonymous classes can not be ViewModels")
        return get("$DEFAULT_KEY:$canonicalName", modelClass)
    }
    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    @MainThread
    public open operator fun <T : ViewModel> get(key: String, modelClass: Class<T>): T {
        val viewModel = store[key]
        if (modelClass.isInstance(viewModel)) {
            (factory as? OnRequeryFactory)?.onRequery(viewModel!!)
            return viewModel as T
        } else {
            @Suppress("ControlFlowWithEmptyBody")
            if (viewModel != null) {
                // TODO: log a warning.
            }
        }
        val extras = MutableCreationExtras(defaultCreationExtras)
        extras[VIEW_MODEL_KEY] = key
        return try {
            factory.create(modelClass, extras)
        } catch (e: AbstractMethodError) {
            factory.create(modelClass)
        }.also { store.put(key, it) }
    }
        扫一眼,拿传入的类名 canonicalName 前面拼接 "DEFAULT_KEY",如果当前store有,且是 是当前类的实例,就强转返回。 没有就factory 创建。最后调用 also缓存进去。看下 factory。
前面我们知道ComponentActivity和Fragment实现了HasDefaultViewModelProviderFactory。
- ComponentActivity
 
            
            
              less
              
              
            
          
           @NonNull
    @Override
    public ViewModelProvider.Factory getDefaultViewModelProviderFactory() {
        if (mDefaultFactory == null) {
            mDefaultFactory = new SavedStateViewModelFactory(
                    getApplication(),
                    this,
                    getIntent() != null ? getIntent().getExtras() : null);
        }
        return mDefaultFactory;
    }
        - 
Fragment
ini@NonNull @Override public ViewModelProvider.Factory getDefaultViewModelProviderFactory() { if (mFragmentManager == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Can't access ViewModels from detached fragment"); } if (mDefaultFactory == null) { Application application = null; Context appContext = requireContext().getApplicationContext(); while (appContext instanceof ContextWrapper) { if (appContext instanceof Application) { application = (Application) appContext; break; } appContext = ((ContextWrapper) appContext).getBaseContext(); } if (application == null && FragmentManager.isLoggingEnabled(Log.DEBUG)) { Log.d(FragmentManager.TAG, "Could not find Application instance from " + "Context " + requireContext().getApplicationContext() + ", you will " + "need CreationExtras to use AndroidViewModel with the default " + "ViewModelProvider.Factory"); } mDefaultFactory = new SavedStateViewModelFactory( application, this, getArguments()); } return mDefaultFactory; } 
很好他们都返回了SavedStateViewModelFactory()。看下SavedStateViewModelFactory 的creat();
- SavedStateViewModelFactory.create()
 
            
            
              less
              
              
            
          
            @NonNull
    @Override
    public <T extends ViewModel> T create(@NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
        // ViewModelProvider calls correct create that support same modelClass with different keys
        // If a developer manually calls this method, there is no "key" in picture, so factory
        // simply uses classname internally as as key.
        String canonicalName = modelClass.getCanonicalName();
        if (canonicalName == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Local and anonymous classes can not be ViewModels");
        }
        return create(canonicalName, modelClass);
    }
 public <T extends ViewModel> T create(@NonNull String key, @NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
   //判断是否是isAndroidViewModel
        boolean isAndroidViewModel = AndroidViewModel.class.isAssignableFrom(modelClass);
        Constructor<T> constructor;
        if (isAndroidViewModel) {
            constructor = findMatchingConstructor(modelClass, ANDROID_VIEWMODEL_SIGNATURE);
        } else {
            constructor = findMatchingConstructor(modelClass, VIEWMODEL_SIGNATURE);
        }
        // doesn't need SavedStateHandle
        if (constructor == null) {
            return mFactory.create(modelClass);
        }
        SavedStateHandleController controller = SavedStateHandleController.create(
                mSavedStateRegistry, mLifecycle, key, mDefaultArgs);
        try {
            T viewmodel;
            if (isAndroidViewModel) {
                viewmodel = constructor.newInstance(mApplication, controller.getHandle());
            } else {
                viewmodel = constructor.newInstance(controller.getHandle());
            }
            viewmodel.setTagIfAbsent(TAG_SAVED_STATE_HANDLE_CONTROLLER, controller);
            return viewmodel;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to access " + modelClass, e);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("A " + modelClass + " cannot be instantiated.", e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("An exception happened in constructor of "
                    + modelClass, e.getCause());
        }
    }
        一个参数调用俩参数,判断了是否是判断是否是AndroidViewModel,再往下一看newInstance(),反射, 绝对的反射。
到此为止,我们知道 get() 其实就是缓存则取,没缓存就反射搞个对象 ,also 缓存进去。
至此,还没成艺术。
ViewModel 的自我修养(管理)?
认真阅读的朋友们都知道,Fragment正常情况下用FragmentActivity的ViewModelStore。
- 看下
FragmentActivity的 父类ComponentActivity构造参数。 
            
            
              less
              
              
            
          
          public ComponentActivity() {
  //省略部分代码
getLifecycle().addObserver(new LifecycleEventObserver() {
            @Override
            public void onStateChanged(@NonNull LifecycleOwner source,
                    @NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
                if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) {
                
                    mContextAwareHelper.clearAvailableContext();
                 
                    if (!isChangingConfigurations()) {
                        getViewModelStore().clear();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
 
}
        我们看到 做了个监听,在 *ON_DESTROY*的时候, 判断了下!isChangingConfigurations()也就是 不是发生了配置变化,是真正销毁的时候,调用了 getViewModelStore().clear();
其实就是相当于把当前缓存的ViewModel 的对象嘎嘎的清空了。
经常说ViewModel 为什么不建议持有Context。 因为是在onDestroy后才执行。
也为什么说旋转屏幕ViewModel 不会丢数据。因为虽然走了onDestroy 但是内部判断了是否旋转屏幕。
- 
那
Fragment怎么管理的呢我们记得
Fragment在 this 那一步的时候,有2种 情况,一种 拿FragmentActivity的ViewModelStore 。一种自己构建了一个FragmentManagerViewModel();这个
mNonConfig其实在创建后 赛进了mFragmentStore。iniif (parent != null) { mNonConfig = parent.mFragmentManager.getChildNonConfig(parent); } else if (host instanceof ViewModelStoreOwner) { ViewModelStore viewModelStore = ((ViewModelStoreOwner) host).getViewModelStore(); mNonConfig = FragmentManagerViewModel.getInstance(viewModelStore); } else { mNonConfig = new FragmentManagerViewModel(false); } // Ensure that the state is in sync with FragmentManager mNonConfig.setIsStateSaved(isStateSaved()); mFragmentStore.setNonConfig(mNonConfig);mFragmentStore.setNonConfig(mNonConfig);把mNonConfig传出去了,追着看一下。进入
FragmentStore。发现
FragmentStore是在FragmentManager初始化就创建了javaprivate final FragmentStore mFragmentStore = new FragmentStore();FragmentStore里调用mNonConfig查看下被调用的地方。csharpFragmentManagerViewModel getNonConfig() { return mNonConfig; }进入
FragmentManager.java->
clearBackStackStateViewModels()这里去判断了哪些Fragment 需要清理
iniprivate void clearBackStackStateViewModels() { boolean shouldClear; if (mHost instanceof ViewModelStoreOwner) { shouldClear = mFragmentStore.getNonConfig().isCleared(); } else if (mHost.getContext() instanceof Activity) { Activity activity = (Activity) mHost.getContext(); shouldClear = !activity.isChangingConfigurations(); } else { shouldClear = true; } if (shouldClear) { for (BackStackState backStackState : mBackStackStates.values()) { for (String who : backStackState.mFragments) { mFragmentStore.getNonConfig().clearNonConfigState(who, false); } } } }->
dispatchDestroy()scssvoid dispatchDestroy() { mDestroyed = true; execPendingActions(true); endAnimatingAwayFragments(); clearBackStackStateViewModels(); //省略代码 }->
FragmentController.java->dispatchDestroy()csharppublic void dispatchDestroyView() { mHost.mFragmentManager.dispatchDestroyView(); }->
FragmentActivity.java->onDestroy(){}scss@Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); mFragments.dispatchDestroy(); mFragmentLifecycleRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY); }把整个调用反过来看一下,
FragmentActivity在onDestroy调用mFragments.dispatchDestroy(); (FragmentController.java)->
FragmentManager.dispatchDestroy()(FragmentManger.java)->
clearBackStackStateViewModels()。可以理解为
FragmentActivity销毁才销毁。另外
FragmentStateManager里 重新构建的时候,也会销毁清理对应的ViewModel。感兴趣可以看一下。scssvoid moveToExpectedState{ //省列部分代码 case Fragment.ATTACHED: if (mFragment.mBeingSaved && mFragmentStore.getSavedState(mFragment.mWho) == null) { mFragmentStore.setSavedState(mFragment.mWho, saveState()); } destroy(); } void destroy() { //省列部分代码 if (shouldDestroy) { mFragment.performDestroy(); if ((beingRemoved && !mFragment.mBeingSaved) || shouldClear) { mFragmentStore.getNonConfig().clearNonConfigState(mFragment, false); } mFragment.performDestroy(); } } 
面试的侃侃而谈
- 
优势
- 保存数据,页面变化能缓存
 - 自动管理,页面销毁自动清理
 Fragment和Activity可共用。
 - 
Fragment能拿Activity的ViewModel么?- 能 ,毕竟那玩意只看传入的类名,把Activity 一传就行。
 
 - 
怎么自动管理的?
- ComponentActivity 监听onDestroy ,清理
 - Fragment 在FragmentActivity 的 onDestroy 会清理。
 
 - 
ViewModelStore 知道么?
- 知道 ,一个map 就是干。
 
 - 
知道怎么创建的么?
- 内部 factory 反射就是干。
 
 - 
为啥旋转还能保存数据?
判断了是配置变化,如旋转屏幕等,等到真正销毁才清空。
 - 
剩下的自行发挥