文章目录
前言
多进程开发经常会遇到主进程关闭，子进程需要跟随主进程一同关闭。比如调ffmpeg命令行实现的录屏程序，录屏程序关闭，ffmpeg进程也需要退出。我们通常在程序关闭时调用Process.Kill()杀掉fmpeg进程即可。但是如果是强制或异常关闭录屏程序，ffmpeg将会变成僵尸进程残留在系统中。本文将提供一种解决此类问题的方法。
一、如何实现？
1、创建作业对象
（1）、创建对象
csharp
handle = CreateJobObject(IntPtr.Zero, null);（2）、设置销毁作业时，关闭拥有的进程
csharp
var info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
LimitFlags = 0x2000
};
var extendedInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
BasicLimitInformation = info
};
int length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION));
IntPtr extendedInfoPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedInfo, extendedInfoPtr, false);
if (!SetInformationJobObject(handle, JobObjectInfoType.ExtendedLimitInformation, extendedInfoPtr, (uint)length))
throw new Exception(string.Format("Unable to set information. Error: {0}", Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()));2、子进程加入作业对象
csharp
AssignProcessToJobObject(handle, processHandle);3、销毁作业对象
（1）、手动销毁
csharp
CloseHandle(handle);（2）、所在进程结束自动销毁
二、完整代码
csharp
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace JobManagement
{
#region Helper classes
/// <summary>
/// 作业对象，主要用于子进程管理。
/// 目前版本是只支持作业销毁拥有的子进程退出
/// 通常可以定义一个全局静态变量使用
/// </summary>
public class Job : IDisposable
{
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(IntPtr a, string lpName);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, JobObjectInfoType infoType, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, UInt32 cbJobObjectInfoLength);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(IntPtr job, IntPtr process);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
private IntPtr handle;
private bool disposed;
public Job()
{
handle = CreateJobObject(IntPtr.Zero, null);
var info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
LimitFlags = 0x2000
};
var extendedInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
BasicLimitInformation = info
};
int length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION));
IntPtr extendedInfoPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedInfo, extendedInfoPtr, false);
if (!SetInformationJobObject(handle, JobObjectInfoType.ExtendedLimitInformation, extendedInfoPtr, (uint)length))
throw new Exception(string.Format("Unable to set information. Error: {0}", Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()));
}
/// <summary>
/// 进程加入到作业对象中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="processHandle">进程句柄</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool AddProcess(IntPtr processHandle)
{
return AssignProcessToJobObject(handle, processHandle);
}
/// <summary>
/// 进程加入到作业对象中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="processId">进程Id</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool AddProcess(int processId)
{
return AddProcess(Process.GetProcessById(processId).Handle);
}
/// <summary>
/// 销毁作业对象，手动调用则其拥有的所有进程都会退出
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
/// <summary>
/// 销毁作业对象，手动调用则其拥有的所有进程都会退出
/// </summary>
public void Close()
{
CloseHandle(handle);
handle = IntPtr.Zero;
}
private void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposed)
return;
if (disposing) { }
Close();
disposed = true;
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct IO_COUNTERS
{
public UInt64 ReadOperationCount;
public UInt64 WriteOperationCount;
public UInt64 OtherOperationCount;
public UInt64 ReadTransferCount;
public UInt64 WriteTransferCount;
public UInt64 OtherTransferCount;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
public Int64 PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
public Int64 PerJobUserTimeLimit;
public UInt32 LimitFlags;
public UIntPtr MinimumWorkingSetSize;
public UIntPtr MaximumWorkingSetSize;
public UInt32 ActiveProcessLimit;
public UIntPtr Affinity;
public UInt32 PriorityClass;
public UInt32 SchedulingClass;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
{
public UInt32 nLength;
public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
public Int32 bInheritHandle;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
public JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimitInformation;
public IO_COUNTERS IoInfo;
public UIntPtr ProcessMemoryLimit;
public UIntPtr JobMemoryLimit;
public UIntPtr PeakProcessMemoryUsed;
public UIntPtr PeakJobMemoryUsed;
}
public enum JobObjectInfoType
{
AssociateCompletionPortInformation = 7,
BasicLimitInformation = 2,
BasicUIRestrictions = 4,
EndOfJobTimeInformation = 6,
ExtendedLimitInformation = 9,
SecurityLimitInformation = 5,
GroupInformation = 11
}
#endregion
}三、使用示例
1、正常退出自动结束子进程
.net8.0
csharp
using System.Diagnostics;
using JobManagement;
//创建作业对象
Job _job = new Job();
//打开记事本程序
var ps = new Process();
ps.StartInfo.FileName = "notepad.exe";
ps.Start();
//记事本程序进程加入到作业对象
_job.AddProcess(ps.Handle);
//等待3秒后退出程序，记事本程序会自动关闭
Thread.Sleep(3000);效果预览
2、异常退出自动结束子进程
.net8.0
csharp
using System.Diagnostics;
using JobManagement;
//创建作业对象
Job _job = new Job();
//打开记事本程序
var ps = new Process();
ps.StartInfo.FileName = "notepad.exe";
ps.Start();
//记事本程序进程加入到作业对象
_job.AddProcess(ps.Handle);
while(true)Thread.Sleep(3000);效果预览
总结
以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文讲述的内容是windows多进程开发中比较重要的技术，因为大部分场景主进程退出后子进程应该跟随退出，正常流程中通过代码可以在退出时关闭所有子进程，但是异常崩溃时则不行，会出现遗留子进程。而本文的方法就很好的解决的这个问题，而且也不需要编写任何关闭子进程的相关代码，方便且省心。