当拿到一个WebServices接口时,首先用接口测试工具调用一下接口,看是否可以正常发送请求和获取返回接口,确保接口是没有问题的,可以用SoapUI工具进行测试。
下面以一个免费的天气预报接口为例,记录整个接口的调用过程。
接口地址:http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx
打开SoapUI,点击SOAP,在弹出的新建页面输入接口地址,在地址后面拼接上 ?wsdl ,点击OK。
会看到在左侧地方显示该接口可以调用的每个方法。
获取上海的天气信息:
点击绿色剪箭头,就可以在右侧看到接口的返回结果。
以上就是用SoapUI工具进行接口测试的使用说明。
下面用Java代码来实现该接口的调用:
新建一个测试类 WebServiceTest
java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* @author: liangmeng
* @description: WebService测试
* @date: 2024/4/14 13:42
* @version: 1.0
*/
public class WebServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String soapRequestXml = null;
String soapResponseXml = null;
String responseCode = null;
HashMap<String, String> responseData = new HashMap<>();
//soap报文
soapRequestXml = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:web=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">\n" +
" <soapenv:Header/>\n" +
" <soapenv:Body>\n" +
" <web:getWeather>\n" +
" <web:theCityCode>上海</web:theCityCode>\n" +
" <web:theUserID>5fc88ce5ff404ce6ba1282125f68d258</web:theUserID>\n" +
" </web:getWeather>\n" +
" </soapenv:Body>\n" +
"</soapenv:Envelope>";
//发送post请求
responseData = postSoap("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx", soapRequestXml, "http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeather");
responseCode = responseData.get("responseCode");
soapResponseXml = responseData.get("responseMsg");
System.out.println("请求状态:"+responseCode);
System.out.println("返回参数:"+soapResponseXml);
}
/**
* @param postUrl: 请求地址
* @param soapXml: 请求报文
* @param soapAction: 请求方法名称
* @return HashMap<String,String>
* @author 梁萌
* @description 发送POST请求
* @date 2024/4/14 13:49
*/
public static HashMap<String, String> postSoap(String postUrl, String soapXml, String soapAction) {
HashMap<String, String> hm = new HashMap<>();
//响应结果
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
//输出流
OutputStream out = null;
//字符缓冲输入流
BufferedReader in = null;
//状态响应码
int responseCode = 0;
try {
//创建URL
URL url = new URL(postUrl);//重要,WSDL路径,不带?wsdl
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) connection;
//设置参数
httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(soapXml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length));
httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8");
httpConn.setRequestProperty("SOAPAction", soapAction); //重要,调用接口的某个方法
httpConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
httpConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpConn.setDoInput(true);
//发送请求
out = httpConn.getOutputStream();
out.write(soapXml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
//状态响应码
responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();
//状态响应码=200
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpConn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
result.append(inputLine);
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("soap请求路径:" + postUrl + ",异常,响应状态码:" + responseCode + ",异常原因:" + ex.getMessage());
hm.put("responseCode", responseCode + "");
hm.put("responseMsg", ex.getMessage() + "");
return hm;
} finally {
try {
if (out != null) {
out.close();
}
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("soap请求路径:" + postUrl + ",异常,响应状态码:" + responseCode + ",异常原因:释放资源失败");
hm.put("responseCode", responseCode + "");
hm.put("responseMsg", ex.getMessage() + "");
return hm;
}
}
//返回响应内容
String soapResponse = result.toString();
System.out.println("soap请求路径:" + postUrl + ",结束,响应状态码:" + responseCode + ",返回结果:" + soapResponse);
hm.put("responseCode", responseCode + "");
hm.put("responseMsg", soapResponse + "");
return hm;
}
}
执行结果:
成功通过Java程序获取到了接口的返回信息。
代码中有几个需要注意的地方:
1.请求地址中不需要添加 ?wsdl
2.请求的方法名称(postSoap方法的第三个参数soapAction),需要与SoapUI工具中的soapAction参数值保持一致,参见下图的内容: