文章目录
cxxopts
- 简介
- cxxopts是一个轻量级的C++命令行解析库,它提供了易于使用的API来定义和解析命令行选项。它支持多种类型的选项,并且允许用户自定义选项的处理逻辑。
- 项目地址: cxxopts GitHub
快速入门
轻量级C++选项解析库,支持标准的GNU样式语法。
1. cmake环境配置
cmake
include(FetchContent)
FetchContent_Declare(
cxxopts
GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/jarro2783/cxxopts
GIT_TAG v3.2.1
GIT_SHALLOW TRUE)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cxxopts)
# 给项目代码链接cxxopts库
target_link_libraries(cxx_opt_guide PRIVATE cxxopts::cxxopts)
2. 定义解析的规则
具体规则请看代码注释,总体来说还是比较通俗易懂的,不需要特别多的解释。
c++
// 1. 导入头文件(只有一个)
#include <cxxopts.hpp>
// 2. 创建一个Options实例
cxxopts::Options options("MyProgram", "One line description of MyProgram");
// 3. 写入可解析的参数
options.add_options()
("d,debug", "Enable debugging") // 默认是bool类型
("i,integer", "Int param", cxxopts::value<int>()) // 该参数是int类型
("f,file", "File name", cxxopts::value<std::string>())
// vector 传递参数有 2 种方式
// --value_list=1,2,3,4 一次性传递,确保没有空格
// -v 1 -v 3 分多次传递,组成一个list
("v,value_list", "File name", cxxopts::value<std::vector<double>>());
("v,verbose", "Verbose output", cxxopts::value<bool>()->default_value("false")); // 该参数默认是false
// 4. 解析参数
auto result = options.parse(argc, argv);
// 5. 检查参数 d 在命令行出现了几次
int t = result.count("d")
// 6. 获得参数d的值
auto v = result["d"].as<type>()
// 7.(可选) 准许有未知的参数,会忽略该部分值。
// 默认是不接受未知的参数的,会直接报错。
options.allow_unrecognised_options();
3. 使用例子
我这里用Argv
类模拟命令行传参,进行测试,该类取自cxxopts的官方源代码中。
可以看到我在void test_(cxxopts::Options &options)
方法中,对该功能做了测试。
c++
#include <assert.h>
#include <cxxopts.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Argv {
public:
Argv(std::initializer_list<const char *> args)
: m_argv(new const char *[args.size()]),
m_argc(static_cast<int>(args.size())) {
int i = 0;
auto iter = args.begin();
while (iter != args.end()) {
auto len = strlen(*iter) + 1;
auto ptr = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[len]);
strcpy(ptr.get(), *iter);
m_args.push_back(std::move(ptr));
m_argv.get()[i] = m_args.back().get();
++iter;
++i;
}
}
const char **argv() const { return m_argv.get(); }
int argc() const { return m_argc; }
private:
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<char[]>> m_args{};
std::unique_ptr<const char *[]> m_argv;
int m_argc;
};
void test_(cxxopts::Options &options) {
options.add_options()
("long", "a long option")
("s,short", "a short option")
("quick,brown", "An option with multiple long names and no short name")
("f,ox,jumped", "An option with multiple long names and a short name")
("over,z,lazy,dog", "An option with multiple long names and a short name, not listed first")
("value", "an option with a value", cxxopts::value<std::string>())
("a,av", "a short option with a value", cxxopts::value<std::string>())
("6,six", "a short number option")
("p, space", "an option with space between short and long")
("period.delimited", "an option with a period in the long name")
("nothing", "won't exist", cxxopts::value<std::string>())
;
Argv argv({
"tester",
"--long",
"-s",
"--value",
"value",
"-a",
"b",
"-6",
"-p",
"--space",
"--quick",
"--ox",
"-f",
"--brown",
"-z",
"--over",
"--dog",
"--lazy",
"--period.delimited",
});
auto **actual_argv = argv.argv();
auto argc = argv.argc();
auto result = options.parse(argc, actual_argv);
assert(result.count("long") == 1);
assert(result.count("s") == 1);
assert(result.count("value") == 1);
assert(result.count("a") == 1);
assert(result["value"].as<std::string>() == "value");
assert(result["a"].as<std::string>() == "b");
assert(result.count("6") == 1);
assert(result.count("p") == 2);
assert(result.count("space") == 2);
assert(result.count("quick") == 2);
assert(result.count("f") == 2);
assert(result.count("z") == 4);
assert(result.count("period.delimited") == 1);
auto& arguments = result.arguments();
assert(arguments.size() == 16);
assert(arguments[0].key() == "long");
assert(arguments[0].value() == "true");
assert(arguments[0].as<bool>() == true);
assert(arguments[1].key() == "short");
assert(arguments[2].key() == "value");
assert(arguments[3].key() == "av");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
cxxopts::Options options("命令解析的标题", "这里写一下介绍");
test_(options); //具体实现请看该函数
return 0;
// 添加一组解析参数
options.add_options()("b,bar", "Param bar", cxxopts::value<std::string>())(
"d,debug", "Enable debugging",
cxxopts::value<bool>()->default_value("false"))(
"f,foo", "Param foo",
cxxopts::value<int>()->default_value("10"))("h,help", "Print usage");
// 参加第二组解析参数
options.add_options()(
"c,cds", "cds test",
cxxopts::value<std::string>()->default_value("cds test parameter"));
// 是否准许未知参数
// options.allow_unrecognised_options();
// 解析参数
auto result = options.parse(argc, argv);
// 参数是否出现
if (result.count("help")) {
std::cout << options.help() << std::endl;
exit(0);
}
// 获取参数值
bool debug = result["debug"].as<bool>();
std::string bar;
if (result.count("bar")) {
bar = result["bar"].as<std::string>();
cout << "bar: " << bar << endl;
}
int foo = result["foo"].as<int>();
cout << "foo: " << foo << endl;
cout << result["c"].as<std::string>();
return 0;
}