ansible进阶-剧本调试方法

[2.1 Debug模块](#2.1 Debug模块)

[2.2 tags标签](#2.2 tags标签)

[2.3 忽略错误](#2.3 忽略错误)

1、调试方法

|---------|---------------------------------------------------|
| 具体方法 | 应用场景 |
| debug标签 | 执⾏剧本的时候输出剧本的执⾏流程,⼀般配合register⼀起使⽤. 输出facts变量自定义变量 |
| tags标签 | 给⼀些模块加上标签,运⾏剧本的时候可以运⾏指定标签的内容,排除指定标签. |
| 忽略错误 | 运⾏剧本的时候忽略⼀些模块的错误,让剧本继续运⾏. |

2、实例

2.1 Debug模块

|-------|---------------------------|
| debug | |
| msg | 相当于是echo命令，配置着register一起用 |

实例1-调试-nfs服务端部署剧本

剧本文件及执行结果：

[root@ansible ~]# cat debug-nfs-server.yml 
---
- name: 调试nfs服务端
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: 部署nfs服务端软件
      yum:
        name: nfs-utils
        state: installed 

    - name: 创建对应的目录，权限
      file:
        path: /nfsfile
        owner: nfsnobody
        group: nfsnobody
        state: directory
        register: file_jieguo

   
    - name: 修改配置文件
      lineinfile: 
        path: /etc/exports
        line: "/nfsfile 192.168.81.0/24(rw,sync,root_squash)"
        state: present
        backup: yes
    
    - name: 输出这个过程
      debug:
        msg: "{{ file_jieguo }}"


    - name: 启动rpc服务
      systemd:
        name: rpcbind
        enabled: yes
        state: started

    - name: 启动nfs服务
      systemd:
        name: nfs
        enabled: yes
        state: started 
[root@ansible ~]# ansible-playbook debug-nfs-server.yml 

PLAY [调试nfs服务端] *****************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.81.134]
ok: [192.168.81.136]
ok: [192.168.81.133]
ok: [192.168.81.135]
ok: [192.168.81.132]

TASK [部署nfs服务端软件] ***************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.81.132]
ok: [192.168.81.136]
ok: [192.168.81.133]
ok: [192.168.81.134]
ok: [192.168.81.135]

TASK [创建对应的目录，权限] ***************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.81.132]
changed: [192.168.81.135]
changed: [192.168.81.136]
changed: [192.168.81.133]
changed: [192.168.81.134]

TASK [修改配置文件] *******************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.81.132]
changed: [192.168.81.135]
changed: [192.168.81.136]
changed: [192.168.81.134]
changed: [192.168.81.133]

TASK [输出这个过程] *******************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.81.136] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": true, 
        "diff": {
            "after": {
                "group": 65534, 
                "mode": "0777", 
                "owner": 65534, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "directory"
            }, 
            "before": {
                "group": 0, 
                "mode": "0755", 
                "owner": 0, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "absent"
            }
        }, 
        "failed": false, 
        "gid": 65534, 
        "group": "nfsnobody", 
        "mode": "0777", 
        "owner": "nfsnobody", 
        "path": "/nfsfile", 
        "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
        "size": 6, 
        "state": "directory", 
        "uid": 65534
    }
}
ok: [192.168.81.132] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": true, 
        "diff": {
            "after": {
                "group": 65534, 
                "mode": "0777", 
                "owner": 65534, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "directory"
            }, 
            "before": {
                "group": 0, 
                "mode": "0755", 
                "owner": 0, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "absent"
            }
        }, 
        "failed": false, 
        "gid": 65534, 
        "group": "nfsnobody", 
        "mode": "0777", 
        "owner": "nfsnobody", 
        "path": "/nfsfile", 
        "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
        "size": 6, 
        "state": "directory", 
        "uid": 65534
    }
}
ok: [192.168.81.134] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": true, 
        "diff": {
            "after": {
                "group": 65534, 
                "mode": "0777", 
                "owner": 65534, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "directory"
            }, 
            "before": {
                "group": 0, 
                "mode": "0755", 
                "owner": 0, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "absent"
            }
        }, 
        "failed": false, 
        "gid": 65534, 
        "group": "nfsnobody", 
        "mode": "0777", 
        "owner": "nfsnobody", 
        "path": "/nfsfile", 
        "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
        "size": 6, 
        "state": "directory", 
        "uid": 65534
    }
}
ok: [192.168.81.133] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": true, 
        "diff": {
            "after": {
                "group": 65534, 
                "mode": "0777", 
                "owner": 65534, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "directory"
            }, 
            "before": {
                "group": 0, 
                "mode": "0755", 
                "owner": 0, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "absent"
            }
        }, 
        "failed": false, 
        "gid": 65534, 
        "group": "nfsnobody", 
        "mode": "0777", 
        "owner": "nfsnobody", 
        "path": "/nfsfile", 
        "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
        "size": 6, 
        "state": "directory", 
        "uid": 65534
    }
}
ok: [192.168.81.135] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": true, 
        "diff": {
            "after": {
                "group": 65534, 
                "mode": "0777", 
                "owner": 65534, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "directory"
            }, 
            "before": {
                "group": 0, 
                "mode": "0755", 
                "owner": 0, 
                "path": "/nfsfile", 
                "state": "absent"
            }
        }, 
        "failed": false, 
        "gid": 65534, 
        "group": "nfsnobody", 
        "mode": "0777", 
        "owner": "nfsnobody", 
        "path": "/nfsfile", 
        "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
        "size": 6, 
        "state": "directory", 
        "uid": 65534
    }
}

TASK [启动rpc服务] ******************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.81.134]
changed: [192.168.81.133]
changed: [192.168.81.132]
changed: [192.168.81.135]
changed: [192.168.81.136]

TASK [启动nfs服务] ******************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.81.136]
changed: [192.168.81.133]
changed: [192.168.81.134]
changed: [192.168.81.132]
changed: [192.168.81.135]

PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.81.132             : ok=7    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
192.168.81.133             : ok=7    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
192.168.81.134             : ok=7    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
192.168.81.135             : ok=7    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
192.168.81.136             : ok=7    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   

[root@ansible ~]#

2.2 tags标签

Ansible中的tags标签用于为任务指定标记，并在运行时根据指定的标记只运行部分任务，从而避免对整个剧本进行执行。在编写包含多个任务的剧本时，有时候只需要在执行时运行其中一任务。这时，使用tag标签是非常有用的，它可以为每个任务指定一个标签，这样在执行时只需要运行指定标签的任务即可。

也可以这样理解

一个剧本里面可能包涵了多个任务，但是又不知道剧本中任务是不是都能执行，不确定，这个时候就可以用标签标记任务，然后运行剧本时指定标签运行不确定能不能执行的任务

执行剧本时，使用--tags选项指定要运行的标签。

运行指定的标签

ansible-play --tags 自定义的标签名 剧本文件名

运行剧本的时候排除指定的标签

ansible-play --skip-tags 要排除的标签名 剧本文件名

实例

2.3 忽略错误

当运行剧本时，剧本是按照任务的编写顺序执行，当某个任务运行出现错误时，则则这个任务下面的任务出现错误时，

用于运行剧本的时候，强制让某个任务（模块）运行即使出现错误，也不会中断我们整个剧本的执行。

实例