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变量赋值:
my_var = 10
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基本数据类型:
- 整数(int)、浮点数(float)、字符串(str)、布尔值(bool)、列表(list)、元组(tuple)、集合(set)、字典(dict)。
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字符串:
s = 'This is a string in single quotes.' s = "This is a string in double quotes."
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列表:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 'Python']
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元组:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
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字典:
my_dict = {'name': 'Python', 'version': 3.8}
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条件语句:
if condition: # Do something elif another_condition: # Do something else else: # Do a different thing
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循环:
#它for循环和while循环。 for item in my_list: print(item) while condition: # Loop body
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函数定义:
def my_function(param1, param2): # Function body return result
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类和对象:
class MyClass: def __init__(self, attribute): self.attribute = attribute def my_method(self): # Method body
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模块和包:
# 导入和使用模块。 import module_name from package import module
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异常处理:
try: # Try to do something except Some Exception as e: # Handle exception finally: # Clean-up code
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列表推导式:
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
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字典推导式:
squares_dict = {x: x**2 for x in range(10)}
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生成器表达式:
squares_gen = (x**2 for x in range(10))
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装饰器:
def my_decorator(func): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): # Do something before result = func(*args, **kwargs) # Do something after return result return wrapper @my_decorator def my_function(): # Function body
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Lambda函数:
lambda arguments: expression
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三元运算符:
value_if_true if condition else value_if_false
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全局和局部变量:
global my_global_var
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文件操作:
with open('file.txt', 'r') as file: content = file.read()
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异步编程:
async def my_async_function(): await some_async_operation()
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类型注解:
def my_function(param1: int, param2: str) -> bool: # Function body
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属性装饰器:
@property def my_property(self): return self._my_attribute @my_property.setter def my_property(self, value): self._my_attribute = value
这些是Python编程中经常使用的语法元素。掌握这些基础对于进行有效的Python编程至关重要