1 类
1.1 类的成员方法
1.1.1 类的成员
- 设计表格，称之为:设计类(class)
- 打印表格，称之为:创建对象
- 填写表格，称之为:对象属性赋值
python
# 1.设计类(类比生活中: 设计一张登记表)
class Student:
name = None #记录学生姓名
gender = None #记录学生性别
nationality = None #记录学生国籍
native_place = None #记学生籍贯
age = None
# 2.创建对象(类比生活中: 打印一张登记表)
stu_1 = Student()
# 3.对象属性赋值(类比生活中:填写表单)
stu_1.name = "林俊杰"
stu_1.gender = "男"
stu_1.nationality = "中国"
stu_1.native_place = "山东省"
stu_1.age = 31
# 4. 获取对象中记录的信息
print(stu_1.name)
print(stu_1.gender)
print(stu_1.nationality)
print(stu_1.native_place)
print(stu_1.age)
python
林俊杰
男
中国
山东省
311.1.2 类的方法
python
# 定义一个带有成员方法的类
class Student:
name = None
def say_hi(self):
print(f"大家好呀，我是{self.name}，欢迎大家多多关照")
def say_hi2(self, msg):
print(f"大家好呀，我是{self.name}，{msg}")
stu = Student()
stu.name = "周杰伦"
stu.say_hi()
stu.say_hi2("哎呦不错哟")
stu2 = Student()
stu2.name = "林俊杰"
stu2.say_hi("小伙子我看好你")1.2 类和对象
python
# 设计一个闹钟类
class Clock:
id = None
price = None
def ring(self):
import winsound
winsound.Beep(2000, 3000) #2000表示频率，3000表示持续时间（毫秒）
# 构建2个闹钟对象并让其工作
clock1 = Clock()
clock1.id = "003032"
clock1.price = 19.99
print(f"闹钟ID：{clock1.id},价格：{clock1.price}")
clock1.ring()
clock2 = Clock()
clock2.id = "003033"
clock2.price = 21.99
print(f"闹钟ID：{clock1.id},价格：{clock1.price}")
clock2.ring()1.3 构造方法__init__
python
# 构造方法的名称:__init__
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, age, tel):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.tel = tel
print("Student类创建了一个类对象")
stu = Student("李明", 12, 12345)
print(self.name)
print(self.age)
print(self.tel)
python
# 构造方法的名称:__init__
class Student:
name = None
age - None
tel = None
def __init__(self, name, age, tel):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.tel = tel
print("Student类创建了一个类对象")
stu = Student("李明", 12, 12345)
print(self.name)
print(self.age)
print(self.tel)1.4 案例 学生信息录入
python
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, age, address):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.address = address
stu_list = []
count = input()
for i in range(1, count + 1):
print(f"当前录入第{i}位学生信息，总共需录入{count}位学生信息")
stu_name = input("请输入学生姓名:")
stu_age = input("请输入学生年龄:")
stu_add = input("请输入学生地址:")
stu = Student(stu_name, stu_age, stu_add)
stu_list.append(stu)
stu_data = stu_list[i - 1]
print(f"学生1信息录入完成，信息为：【学生姓名：{stu_data.name}，年龄：{stu_data.age}，地址：{stu_data.address}】")1.5 魔术方法
1.5.1 str
python
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __str__(self):
return f"Student类对象，name:{self.name},age:{self.age}"
stu = Student("李明", 12)
print(stu)
print(str(stu))1.5.2 lt
python
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.age < other.age
stu1 = Student("李明", 12)
stu2 = Student("林俊杰", 14)
print(stu1 < stu2)1.5.3 le
python
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __le__(self, other):
return self.age <= other.age
stu1 = Student("李明", 14)
stu2 = Student("林俊杰", 12)
print(stu1 >= stu2)1.5.4 eq
python
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.age <= other.age
stu1 = Student("李明", 14)
stu2 = Student("林俊杰", 14)
print(stu1 == stu2)