动画和过渡的区别
过渡:实现两个状态间的变化过程。
动画:实现多个状态间的变化过程。动画过程可控(重复播放,最终动画,是否暂停)
动画的实现步骤
1.定义动画
书写格式
css
@keyframes 动画名称{
from{}
to{}
}
2.使用格式
书写格式
css
animation:动画名称 动画花费的时间;
完整的书写格式
css
animation:动画名称 动画时长 速度曲线 延迟时间 重复次数 动画方向 执行完毕时状态;
说明:动画名称和动画时长必须赋值,取值不分先后顺序 , 第一个时间表示动画时长,第二个时间表示延迟时间。
动画属性说明:
属性 | 作用 | 取值 |
---|---|---|
animation-name | 动画名称 | |
animation-duration | 动画时长 | |
animation-delay | 延迟时间 | |
animation-fill-mode | 动画执行完毕时状态 | forwards:最后一帧状态。backwards:第一帧状态 |
animation-timing-function | 速度曲线 | steps(数字):逐帧动画 |
animation-iteration-count | 重复次数 | infinite 为无限循环 |
animation-direction | 动画执行方向 | alternate为反复 |
animation-play-state | 暂停动画 | paused为暂停,通常配合:hover一起使用 |
动画体验
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 定义动画 */
@keyframes ani {
form{
background-color: red;
}
to{
background-color: blue;
}
}
/* 使用动画 */
div {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid #000;
margin: 100px auto;
/*它变化颜色不是一下就过了,而是有一个过渡,我们称之为补帧动画*/
animation: ani 10s;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div></div>
</body>
</html>
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
@keyframes ani {
0% {
background-color: red;
transform: scale(1.1);
}
1% {
background-color: rgb(65, 46, 46);
transform: scale(1.5);
}
9% {
background-color: rgb(169, 227, 36);
transform: scale(2);
}
20% {
background-color: rgb(10, 223, 155);
transform: scale(2.2);
}
30% {
background-color: rgb(10, 223, 155);
transform: scale(2.2);
}
50% {
background-color: aquamarine;
transform: scale(0.5);
}
80% {
background-color: rgb(85, 18, 218);
transform: scale(0.1);
}
90% {
background-color: rgb(255, 2, 204);
transform: scale(0.9);
}
100% {
background-color: rgb(253, 0, 0);
transform: scale(1);
}
}
div {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid #000;
margin: 100px auto;
animation: ani 20s;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
3.animation-delay 延迟
在动画里面,让一下元素慢一点执行动画。
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-evenly;
align-items: end;
width: 1200px;
height: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box .son {
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border-radius: 50px;
background-color: aqua;
animation-name: mover;
animation-duration: 30s;
}
.box:nth-child(1) {
animation-delay: 10s;
}
.box:nth-child(2) {
animation-delay: 10s;
}
.box:nth-child(3) {
animation-delay: 20s;
}
@keyframes mover {
0% {
background-color: antiquewhite;
transform: translateY(-200px);
}
10% {
background-color: rgb(255, 145, 1);
transform: translateY(-150px);
}
20% {
background-color: rgb(156, 253, 0);
transform: translateY(-100px);
}
30% {
background-color: rgb(0, 255, 85);
transform: translateY(-50px);
}
40% {
background-color: rgb(0, 217, 255);
transform: translateY(0px);
}
50% {
background-color: rgb(0, 0, 255);
transform: translateY(-150px);
}
60% {
background-color: rgb(166, 0, 255);
transform: translateY(-200px);
}
70% {
background-color: rgb(255, 0, 195);
transform: translateY(-250px);
}
80% {
background-color: rgb(255, 0, 64);
transform: translateY(-180px);
}
90% {
background-color: rgb(17, 52, 24);
transform: translateY(-100px);
}
100% {
background-color: rgb(7, 255, 57);
transform: translateY(0px);
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="son"></div>
<div class="son"></div>
<div class="son"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
4.animation-fill-mode 动画执行完毕时状态
属性值:
forwards:动画结束后,状态停止在最后一帧。
backwards:动画结束后,状态固定在第一帧。
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
@keyframes move {
0% {
transform: translateX(400px);
background-color: aqua;
}
10% {
transform: translateX(410px);
background-color: aquamarine;
}
20% {
transform: translateX(450px);
background-color: rgb(0, 94, 255);
}
50% {
transform: translateX(400px);
background-color: rgb(255, 89, 0);
}
70% {
transform: translateX(200px);
background-color: rgb(179, 255, 0);
}
90% {
transform: translateX(50px);
background-color: rgb(0, 255, 64);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(0px);
background-color: rgb(255, 0, 111);
}
}
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
animation-name: move;
animation-duration: 10s;
/*
forwards:动画结束后,状态停止在最后一帧。
backwards:动画结束后,状态固定在第一帧。
*/
animation-fill-mode: backwards;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
5.animation-timing-function 速度曲线
steps(数字):逐帧动画
默认的速度曲线:慢快满
linear:匀速
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
@keyframes move {
0% {
transform: translateX(0);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(1000px);
}
}
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
animation-name: move;
animation-duration: 6s;
}
.box:nth-child(2) {
/*linear:匀速*/
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
@keyframes move {
0% {
transform: translateX(0);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(1000px);
}
}
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
animation-name: move;
animation-duration: 6s;
}
.box:nth-child(2) {
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
.box:nth-child(3) {
animation-timing-function: steps(8);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
6.animation-iteration-count 重复次数
infinite 为无限循环
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
@keyframes move {
0% {
transform: translateX(0);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(1000px);
}
}
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
animation-name: move;
animation-duration: 6s;
/* 重复播放 */
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
.box:nth-child(2) {
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
.box:nth-child(3) {
animation-timing-function: steps(8);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
7.animation-direction 动画执行方向
alternate:反复
reverse:反向
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
@keyframes move {
0% {
transform: translateX(0);
}
100% {
transform: translateX(1000px);
}
}
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
animation-name: move;
animation-duration: 6s;
/* 重复播放 */
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
/* 下一次播放就会反着来 */
animation-direction: alternate;
}
.box:nth-child(2) {
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
.box:nth-child(3) {
animation-timing-function: steps(8);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
8.animation-play-state 暂停动画
paused为暂停,通常配合:hover一起使用。
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background-color: red;
animation-name: move;
animation-duration:2s ;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-direction: alternate;
}
.box:hover {
/* 鼠标经过的时候暂停 */
animation-play-state: paused;
}
@keyframes move {
0% {
transform: translateY(0);
}
100% {
transform: translateY(300px);
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>
注意:本文章是笔者的学习笔记,因为笔者的能力有限,会出现很多没有想过的问题,所以,如果您在浏览或者运行代码的时候出现问题,请在评论区留言,笔者看到后会在第一时间处理,谢谢。