有道无术,术尚可求,有术无道,止于术。
本系列Jackson 版本 2.17.0
本系列Spring Boot 版本 3.2.4
源码地址:https://gitee.com/pearl-organization/study-jaskson-demo
文章目录
-
- [1. 场景描述](#1. 场景描述)
- [2. 案例演示](#2. 案例演示)
-
- [2.1 修改枚举](#2.1 修改枚举)
- [2.2 定义注解](#2.2 定义注解)
- [2.3 自定义序列化器](#2.3 自定义序列化器)
- [2.4 自定义装饰器](#2.4 自定义装饰器)
- [2.5 配置](#2.5 配置)
- [2.6 测试](#2.6 测试)
1. 场景描述
例如,用户对象中的性别字段,一般在数据库都是使用数值表示,枚举类如下:
java
public enum GenderEnum {
MAN(1, "男"),
WOMAN(2, "女");
GenderEnum(int code, String desc) {
this.code = code;
this.desc = desc;
}
private int code;
private String desc;
public static String getDesc(int code) {
for (GenderEnum c : GenderEnum.values()) {
if (c.getCode() == code) {
return c.getDesc();
}
}
return null;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}
用户对象如下:
java
@Data
@ToString
public class PersonVO implements Serializable {
Long id;
String username;
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING, pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")
Date birthday;
Integer gender;
返回前端示例如下:
json
{
"id": "1699657986705854464",
"username": "jack",
"birthday": "2024-04-23 14:21:54",
"gender": 1
}
这时,需要将数值类型翻译为对应的描述,例如性别1
应该翻译为男 。和上篇的数据脱敏一样,后端可以在数据库查询或者反序列化返回Http
响应时进行处理。
2. 案例演示
演示需求:将性别编码值翻译后,返回给前端。
示例:
json
{
"id": "1699657986705854464",
"username": "jack",
"birthday": "2024-04-23 14:21:54",
"gender": 1,
"genderText":"男"
}
2.1 修改枚举
定义一个公共的枚举接口,定义一个根据编码值获取对应描述的方法:
java
public interface CommonEnum {
/**
* 根据编码值获取描述
*/
String getDescription(int code);
}
GenderEnum
实现公共枚举接口,并实现其方法,这里枚举类相当于一本字典,根据编码值可以翻译为描述字符串,实际开发时,也可以使用数据库或者缓存,建立专门的字典表进行维护:
java
public enum GenderEnum implements CommonEnum {
MAN(1, "男"),
WOMAN(2, "女");
GenderEnum(int code, String desc) {
this.code = code;
this.desc = desc;
}
private int code;
private String desc;
@Override
public String getDescription(int code) {
for (GenderEnum c : GenderEnum.values()) {
if (c.getCode() == code) {
return c.getDesc();
}
}
return "";
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}
2.2 定义注解
定义一个字典注解,这里使用枚举类作为字典:
java
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
public @interface Dict {
/**
* 指定后缀
* 翻译后的属性名称:添加了注解的属性名+指定后缀
*/
String suffix() default "Text";
/**
* 字典使用枚举(实际开发可以使用数据库或者缓存)
*/
Class<? extends CommonEnum> using();
}
2.3 自定义序列化器
自定义序列化器执行翻译写出操作:
java
public class DictJsonSerializer extends StdSerializer<Object> {
private CommonEnum commonEnum;
protected DictJsonSerializer() {
super(Object.class);
}
protected DictJsonSerializer( CommonEnum commonEnum) {
super(Object.class);
this.commonEnum = commonEnum;
}
/**
* 序列化
*/
@Override
public void serialize(Object code, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
// 获取枚举对应的翻译值并写出
String description =commonEnum.getDescription(Integer.parseInt(code.toString()));
jsonGenerator.writeString(description);
}
}
2.4 自定义装饰器
自定义Bean
对象序列化装饰器,解析添加了@Dict
注解的属性,据此新建一个虚拟属性:
java
public class DictBeanSerializerModifier extends BeanSerializerModifier {
public List<BeanPropertyWriter> changeProperties(SerializationConfig config, BeanDescription beanDesc, List<BeanPropertyWriter> beanProperties) {
// 1. 创建新的属性集合
List<BeanPropertyWriter> newBeanProperties = CollUtil.newArrayList(beanProperties);
// 2. 循环所有属性
for (BeanPropertyWriter propertyWriter : beanProperties) {
// 3. 获取注解 @Dict
Dict annotation = propertyWriter.getAnnotation(Dict.class);
if (annotation == null) {
annotation = propertyWriter.getContextAnnotation(Dict.class);
}
if (annotation != null) {
// 4. 新建一个虚拟属性(名称为:添加了注解的属性名+指定后缀)
NameTransformer transformer = NameTransformer.simpleTransformer("", annotation.suffix());
BeanPropertyWriter newProperty = propertyWriter.rename(transformer);
CommonEnum commonEnum = null;
Class<? extends CommonEnum> using = annotation.using();
// 5. 获取枚举示例(无法反射,所以直接 IF 判断)
if (GenderEnum.class.isAssignableFrom(using)) {
commonEnum = GenderEnum.MAN;
}
// 6. 设置虚拟属性的序列化器
newProperty.assignSerializer(new DictJsonSerializer(commonEnum));
newBeanProperties.add(newProperty);
}
}
return newBeanProperties;
}
}
2.5 配置
添加Spring
配置类,注册自定义的ObjectMapper
,并设置BeanSerializerModifier
:
java
@Configuration
public class ObjectMapperConfig {
@Bean
@Primary
ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
SerializerFactory serializerFactory = objectMapper
.getSerializerFactory()
.withSerializerModifier(new DictBeanSerializerModifier());
objectMapper.setSerializerFactory(serializerFactory);
return objectMapper;
}
}
2.6 测试
用户类添加翻译注解:
java
@Data
@ToString
public class PersonVO implements Serializable {
Long id;
String username;
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING, pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")
Date birthday;
@Dict(using = GenderEnum.class)
Integer gender;
访问测试接口:
java
@RequestMapping("/test")
public PersonVO test() {
PersonVO vo = new PersonVO();
vo.setId(1699657986705854464L);
vo.setUsername("jack");
vo.setBirthday(new Date());
vo.setGender(2);
return vo;
}
返回结果: