PHP的数组练习实验

|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 实验目的 | 掌握索引和关联数组，以及下标和元素概念；掌握数组创建、初始化，以及元素添加、删除、修改操作；掌握foreach作用、语法、执行过程和使用；能应用数组输出表格和数据。 |

任务1：使用一维索引数组存储医生年龄(随机生成一组年龄数组，年龄范围为22-60)，使用foreach找出最大年龄、最小龄，算出平均年龄。

任务2：使用二维关联数组描述下表学生信息，并用表格输出学生信息，要求算出单科平均成绩。扩展（选做）：借助数组函数分别按单科成绩从高到低排序。

|------|------------|------|------|
| 姓名 | 英语成绩 | 数学成绩 | 语文成绩 |
| 张三 | 78 | 99 | 87 |
| 李四 | 88 | 88 | 79 |
| 老五 | 65 | 90 | 93 |
| 平均成绩 | 77 | ? | ? |

任务一：先搭建首页的页面

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }

        .box {
            width: 800px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #e4dfdf;
            margin: 100px auto;
            padding-top: 15px;
        }

        .box h1 {
            text-align: center;
            font-weight: 400;
        }

        .box .num {
            width: 400px;
            height: 50px;
        }

        form {
            margin-top: 55px;
            font-size: 22px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="box">
        <h1>求医生年龄的最值</h1>
        <form action="doctor_ages.php">
            请输入您要生成的多少位医生的年龄：<input type="number" name="number" class="num"></form></br>
        </form>

        
    </div>
</body>

</html>

首页页面是给用户去生成多少位医生的年龄。

生成了多少位医生的年龄后去求医生的最大年龄和最小年龄，和平均年龄。

实验步骤：

php 复制代码

<?php

$Dnumber = $_REQUEST["number"];
Calculate($Dnumber);
    function Calculate($n){
        //创建一个年龄数组
        $ages =array();
        for($i=0;$i<$n;$i++){
            $ages[$i] =rand(20,60);
        }

        echo "生成的数组是:";
        for($i=0;$i<$n;$i++){
            if($i==($n-1)){
                echo $ages[$i]." ";
            }
            else {
                echo $ages[$i] . " , ";
            }
        }
        echo "</br>";
        $AgeMax = $ages[0];
        $AgeMin = $ages[0];
        $AgeSum=0;
        for($i=0;$i<$n;$i++){
           
            if($ages[$i]>$AgeMax){
                $AgeMax=$ages[$i];
            }
            if($ages[$i]<$AgeMin){
                $AgeMin=$ages[$i];
            }
            $AgeSum=$AgeSum+$ages[$i];
        }  
        echo "医生的最大年龄是".$AgeMax."</br>";
        echo "医生的最小年龄是".$AgeMin."</br>";
        echo "医生的平均年龄".round($AgeSum/count($ages),2);
    }
?>

任务二：

使用HTML+CSS搭建琦基础页面

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head> 
    <meta charset="utf-8"> 
    <title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title> 
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.net/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        h1 {
            text-align: center;
        }

        table {
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        tr h2 {
            margin-left: 20px;
        }

        form input {
            width: 70%;
            height: 40px;
            margin-bottom: 5px;
            border-radius: 10px;
        }

        form label {
            padding-left: 20px;
        }

        form button {
            background-color: #5bc0de;
            border-color: #46b8da;
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 6px 12px;
            margin-bottom: 0;
            font-size: 18px;
            font-weight: 400;
            line-height: 1.42857143;
            text-align: center;
            white-space: nowrap;
            vertical-align: middle;
            -ms-touch-action: manipulation;
            touch-action: manipulation;
            cursor: pointer;
            -webkit-user-select: none;
            -moz-user-select: none;
            -ms-user-select: none;
            user-select: none;
            background-image: none;
            border-radius: 4px;
            margin-left: 90px;
            margin-top: 10px;
            width: 69%;

        }

        form button a {
            color: #fff;
        }

        form button a:hover {
            color: #18f508;
            text-decoration: none;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>

    <table width="80%" border="0">
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
                <h1>学生成绩查询</h1>
            </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td style="background-color:#FFD700;width:200px;vertical-align:top;">
                <h2>添加学生成绩信息</h2>

                <form method="get" action="">
                    <label for="name">学生 姓名:</label>
                    <input type="text" id="name" name="name" placeholder="姓名">
                    <br>

                    <label for="englishScore">英语 成绩:</label>
                    <input type="number" id="englishScore" name="englishScore" min="0" max="100" placeholder="英语成绩">
                    <br>

                    <label for="mathScore">数学 成绩:</label>
                    <input type="number" id="mathScore" name="mathScore" min="0" max="100" placeholder="数学成绩">
                    <br>

                    <label for="chineseScore">语文 成绩:</label>
                    <input type="number" id="chineseScore" name="chineseScore" min="0" max="100" placeholder="语文成绩">
                    <br>
                    <button type="submit" name="submit">
                        <a href="">添&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加</a>
                    </button>

                    <h2>删除学生成绩信息</h2>
                    <label for="name">学生 姓名:</label>
                    <input type="text" id="name" name="dname" placeholder="姓名">
                    <br>

                    <button type="submit" name="dsubmit">
                        <a href="">删&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;除</a>

                    </button>
                </form>
            </td>

完整的代码：

php 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head> 
    <meta charset="utf-8"> 
    <title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title> 
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.net/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        h1 {
            text-align: center;
        }

        table {
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        tr h2 {
            margin-left: 20px;
        }

        form input {
            width: 70%;
            height: 40px;
            margin-bottom: 5px;
            border-radius: 10px;
        }

        form label {
            padding-left: 20px;
        }

        form button {
            background-color: #5bc0de;
            border-color: #46b8da;
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 6px 12px;
            margin-bottom: 0;
            font-size: 18px;
            font-weight: 400;
            line-height: 1.42857143;
            text-align: center;
            white-space: nowrap;
            vertical-align: middle;
            -ms-touch-action: manipulation;
            touch-action: manipulation;
            cursor: pointer;
            -webkit-user-select: none;
            -moz-user-select: none;
            -ms-user-select: none;
            user-select: none;
            background-image: none;
            border-radius: 4px;
            margin-left: 90px;
            margin-top: 10px;
            width: 69%;

        }

        form button a {
            color: #fff;
        }

        form button a:hover {
            color: #18f508;
            text-decoration: none;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>

    <table width="80%" border="0">
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
                <h1>学生成绩查询</h1>
            </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td style="background-color:#FFD700;width:200px;vertical-align:top;">
                <h2>添加学生成绩信息</h2>

                <form method="get" action="">
                    <label for="name">学生 姓名:</label>
                    <input type="text" id="name" name="name" placeholder="姓名">
                    <br>

                    <label for="englishScore">英语 成绩:</label>
                    <input type="number" id="englishScore" name="englishScore" min="0" max="100" placeholder="英语成绩">
                    <br>

                    <label for="mathScore">数学 成绩:</label>
                    <input type="number" id="mathScore" name="mathScore" min="0" max="100" placeholder="数学成绩">
                    <br>

                    <label for="chineseScore">语文 成绩:</label>
                    <input type="number" id="chineseScore" name="chineseScore" min="0" max="100" placeholder="语文成绩">
                    <br>
                    <button type="submit" name="submit">
                        <a href="">添&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加</a>
                    </button>

                    <h2>删除学生成绩信息</h2>
                    <label for="name">学生 姓名:</label>
                    <input type="text" id="name" name="dname" placeholder="姓名">
                    <br>

                    <button type="submit" name="dsubmit">
                        <a href="">删&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;除</a>

                    </button>
                </form>
            </td>
            <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;height:550px;width:300px;vertical-align:top;padding-left:15px">
                <?php
                //二维数组
                $student = array(
                    "张三" => array("英语成绩" => 78, "数学成绩" => 99, "语文成绩" => 87),
                    "李四" => array("英语成绩" => 88, "数学成绩" => 88, "语文成绩" => 79),
                    "王五" => array("英语成绩" => 65, "数学成绩" => 90, "语文成绩" => 93)
                );
                //平均值和最大值初始
                $average = ["英语成绩" => 0, "数学成绩" => 0, "语文成绩" => 0];
                $maxvalue = ["英语成绩" => 0, "数学成绩" => 0, "语文成绩" => 0];

                //（添加修改）用的button标签判断是否null
                if (isset($_REQUEST['submit'])) {
                    //获取数据
                    $name = $_REQUEST['name'];
                    $englishScore = $_REQUEST['englishScore'];
                    $chineseScore = $_REQUEST['chineseScore'];
                    $mathScore = $_REQUEST['mathScore'];
                    //判断数组中是否存在该键
                    if (array_key_exists($name, $student)) {
                        //存在提示
                        echo "修改成功";
                    } else {
                        //不存在提示
                        echo "添加成功!";
                    }
                    //存在替换，不存在添加
                    $student[$name] = array(
                        "语文成绩" => $chineseScore,
                        "数学成绩" => $mathScore,
                        "英语成绩" => $englishScore
                    );
                }
                //删除
                if (isset($_REQUEST['dsubmit'])) {
                    //获取数据
                    $name = $_REQUEST['dname'];
                    //判断是否有键
                    if (array_key_exists($name, $student)) {
                        unset($student[$name]);
                        echo "删除成功";
                    } else {
                        echo "没有该学生!";
                    }
                }

                //遍历数组
                if ($student) {
                    echo "<h2>信息</h2>";
                    echo "<table border='1'>";
                    echo "<tr>
                    <th width='150px'>姓名</th>
                    <th width='150px'>英语 成绩</th>
                    <th width='150px'>数学 成绩</th>
                    <th width='150px'>语文 成绩</th>
                    </tr>";

                    foreach ($student as $name => $subjects) {
                        //平均值先求和
                        $average["英语成绩"] += $subjects["英语成绩"];
                        $average["数学成绩"] += $subjects["数学成绩"];
                        $average["语文成绩"] += $subjects["语文成绩"];
                        echo "<tr>";
                        echo "<td>" . $name . "</td>";
                        //找出单科最高成绩
                        foreach ($subjects as $subject => $score) {
                            if ($score > $maxvalue[$subject]) {
                                $maxvalue[$subject] = $score;
                            }
                            echo "<td>" . $score . "</td>";
                        }
                        echo "</tr>";
                    }
                    //平均成绩：求和结果除个数
                    $average["英语成绩"] /= count($student);
                    $average["数学成绩"] /= count($student);
                    $average["语文成绩"] /= count($student);
                    //取整数
                    $average["英语成绩"] = round($average["英语成绩"], 0);
                    $average["数学成绩"] = round($average["数学成绩"], 0);
                    $average["语文成绩"] = round($average["语文成绩"], 0);

                    echo "<tr>";
                    echo "<td>" . "平均" . "\n" . "</td>" . "<td>" . $average["英语成绩"] . "\n" . "</td>" . "<td>" . $average["数学成绩"] . "\n" . "</td>" . "<td>" . $average["语文成绩"];
                    echo "</tr>";
                    echo "<tr>";
                    echo "<td>" . "单科最高成绩" . "</td>" . "<td>" . $maxvalue["英语成绩"] . "</td>" . "<td>" . $maxvalue["数学成绩"] . "</td>" . "<td>" . $maxvalue["语文成绩"] . "</td>";
                    echo "</tr>";
                    echo "</table>";
                }

                //运用数组函数排序
                rsort($student["张三"]);
                rsort($student["李四"]);
                rsort($student["王五"]);
                echo "<br>";
                echo  "张三成绩降序排序：";
                foreach ($student["张三"] as $va) {
                    echo  "\n" . $va;
                }
                // echo "张三成绩排序：".$student["张三"][0]."\n".$student["张三"][1]."\n".$student["张三"][2];
                echo "<br>";
                echo  "李四成绩降序排序：";
                foreach ($student["李四"] as $va) {
                    echo  "\n" . $va;
                }
                echo "<br>";
                echo  "王五成绩降序排序：";
                foreach ($student["王五"] as $va) {
                    echo  "\n" . $va;
                }


                ?>
            </td>
        </tr>

       
    </table>

</body>

</html>

注意：本实验是笔者在校老师布置的任务。