蓝桥杯嵌入式国赛笔记(4):多路AD采集

1、前言

蓝桥杯的国赛会遇到多路AD采集的情况，这时候之前的单路采集的方式就不可用了，下面介绍两种多路采集的方式。

以第13届国赛为例

2、方法一（配置通道）

2.1 使用CubeMx配置

设置IN13与IN17为Single-ended

在Parameter Settings中

设置Clock Prescaler为Asynchronous clock mode divided by 2

设置Rank-Sampling Time为640.6 Cycles

2.2 bsp_adc.h代码编写

cpp 复制代码

#include "main.h"


extern ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc2;


void ADC2_Init(void);

uint32_t Get_Adc(void);

uint32_t Get_PA4(void);
uint32_t Get_PA5(void);

2.3 bsp_adc.c代码编写

每次进行adc采集之前，重新配置一遍参数

cpp 复制代码

  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_17;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_640CYCLES_5;
  sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
  sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
  sConfig.Offset = 0;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

记住不要重复进行RCC的配置，否侧会卡死

cpp 复制代码

//这两个，不用加了
__HAL_RCC_ADC12_CLK_ENABLE();

__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

2.3.1 完整代码

cpp 复制代码

#include "ADC/bsp_adc.h"
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    adc.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the ADC instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc2;

/* ADC2 init function */
void ADC2_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 0 */

  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 1 */
  /** Common config
  */
  hadc2.Instance = ADC2;
  hadc2.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_ASYNC_DIV2;
  hadc2.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
  hadc2.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc2.Init.GainCompensation = 0;
  hadc2.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
  hadc2.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
  hadc2.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc2.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
  hadc2.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
  hadc2.Init.OversamplingMode = DISABLE;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Regular Channel
  */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_17;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_640CYCLES_5;
  sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
  sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
  sConfig.Offset = 0;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_ADC_MspInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(adcHandle->Instance==ADC2)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspInit 0 */
    /* ADC2 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_ADC12_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**ADC2 GPIO Configuration
    PA4     ------> ADC2_IN17
    PA5     ------> ADC2_IN13
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_ADC_MspDeInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle)
{

  if(adcHandle->Instance==ADC2)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_ADC12_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**ADC2 GPIO Configuration
    PA4     ------> ADC2_IN17
    PA5     ------> ADC2_IN13
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_4);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

uint32_t Get_Adc(void)
{
	uint32_t Adc_Value;
	
	HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc2);
	HAL_Delay(1);
	Adc_Value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc2);
	
	return Adc_Value;
}
uint32_t Get_PA4(void)
{
	ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
	sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_17;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_640CYCLES_5;
  sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
  sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
  sConfig.Offset = 0;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

	/**ADC2 GPIO Configuration
	PA4     ------> ADC2_IN17
	PA5     ------> ADC2_IN13
	*/
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
	
	
	return Get_Adc();
}
uint32_t Get_PA5(void)
{
	ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
	sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_13;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_640CYCLES_5;
  sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
  sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
  sConfig.Offset = 0;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

	/**ADC2 GPIO Configuration
	PA4     ------> ADC2_IN17
	PA5     ------> ADC2_IN13
	*/
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
	
	
	return Get_Adc();
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

2.4 测试

测试结果表明实验成功。

3、方法二（扫描模式）

3.1 使用CubeMx配置

设置IN13与IN17为Single-ended

在Parameter Settings中

设置Clock Prescaler为Synchronous clock mode divided by 2

这里要将Number Of Conversion设置为2

这样就可以采集两个不同的通道了

3.2 bsp_adc.h代码编写

因为需要循环采集两个ADC值，所以GetADC函数的参数是一个uint32_t指针类型

cpp 复制代码

#include "main.h"


extern ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc2;


void ADC2_Init(void);
void GetADC(uint32_t *ADC_Val);

3.3 bsp_adc.c代码编写

HAL_ADC_Start之后，在for循环内进行连续的HAL_ADC_GetValue，在这之前先等待一下不然可能出现通道AD对应错误的情况。

cpp 复制代码

void GetADC(uint32_t *ADC_Val)
{
	HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc2);
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<2;i++)
	{
		HAL_Delay(1);
		ADC_Val[i] = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc2);
		
	}
}

3.3.1 完整代码

cpp 复制代码

#include "ADC/bsp_adc.h"
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc2;
void ADC2_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 0 */

  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 1 */
  /** Common config
  */
  hadc2.Instance = ADC2;
  hadc2.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV2;
  hadc2.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
  hadc2.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc2.Init.GainCompensation = 0;
  hadc2.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_ENABLE;
  hadc2.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
  hadc2.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.NbrOfConversion = 2;
  hadc2.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc2.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
  hadc2.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
  hadc2.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
  hadc2.Init.OversamplingMode = DISABLE;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Regular Channel
  */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_17;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_640CYCLES_5;
  sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
  sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
  sConfig.Offset = 0;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Regular Channel
  */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_13;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_2;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_ADC_MspInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(adcHandle->Instance==ADC2)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspInit 0 */
    /* ADC2 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_ADC12_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**ADC2 GPIO Configuration
    PA4     ------> ADC2_IN17
    PA5     ------> ADC2_IN13
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_ADC_MspDeInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle)
{

  if(adcHandle->Instance==ADC2)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_ADC12_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**ADC2 GPIO Configuration
    PA4     ------> ADC2_IN17
    PA5     ------> ADC2_IN13
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC2_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC2_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}



void GetADC(uint32_t *ADC_Val)
{
	HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc2);
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<2;i++)
	{
		HAL_Delay(1);
		ADC_Val[i] = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc2);
		
	}
}

3.4 测试

测试结果表明实验成功。

4、总结

本文介绍了两种不同的AD多通道采集的办法，并实现了相关代码以及进行了验证，效果表明成功实现了多路的AD采集功能。