在Java中，有多种方式可以实现HTTP或HTTPS请求。以下是使用第三方库Apache HttpClient来实现HTTP/HTTPS请求的工具类。
优势和特点
URIBuilder的优势在于它提供了一种简单而灵活的方式来构造URI，帮助开发人员避免手动拼接URI字符串，并处理参数的编码和转义。此外，URIBuilder还提供了其他一些有用的方法，例如添加路径段、设置查询字符串等。这使得URI的构建过程更加清晰和易于管理。
使用 Apache HttpClient
要使用Apache HttpClient，你首先需要将HttpClient库添加到你的项目中。如果你使用Maven，可以在pom.xml中添加以下依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.13</version> <!-- 使用时请检查最新版本 -->
</dependency>
然后，你可以使用以下代码示例来发送HTTP请求：
import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpsUtils {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpsUtils.class);
static CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
static CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse;
public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLClientDefault() {
try {
SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
// 信任所有
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
return true;
}
}).build();
HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE;
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, hostnameVerifier);
return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return HttpClients.createDefault();
}
/**
* 发送https||http get请求
*
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sendByHttpGet(Map<String, Object> params, String url) {
try {
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
if(MapUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) {
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
uriBuilder.setParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());
}
}
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
httpGet.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
httpClient = HttpsUtils.createSSLClientDefault();
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
if (httpEntity != null) {
String jsObject = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8");
return jsObject;
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("description : {``{}} ,details : {``{}}", "请求异常", e.getStackTrace());
} finally {
try {
httpResponse.close();
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("description : {``{}} ,details : {``{}}", "请求流关闭异常", e.getStackTrace());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 发送https||http get请求
*
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] sendByteByHttpGet(Map<String, Object> params, String url) {
try {
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
if(MapUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) {
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
uriBuilder.setParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());
}
}
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
httpGet.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
httpClient = HttpsUtils.createSSLClientDefault();
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
if (httpEntity != null) {
byte[] bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(httpEntity);
return bytes;
} else {
return new byte[0];
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("description : {``{}} ,details : {``{}}", "读取二进制保存的图片异常", e.getStackTrace());
} finally {
try {
httpResponse.close();
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("description : {``{}} ,details : {``{}}", "读取二进制保存的图片关闭流时异常", e.getStackTrace());
}
}
return new byte[0];
}
}