java实现队列和交换机的声明
在之前我们都是基于RabbitMQ控制台来创建队列、交换机。但是在实际开发时,队列和交换机是程序员定义的,将来项目上线,又要交给运维去创建。那么程序员就需要把程序中运行的所有队列和交换机都写下来,交给运维。在这个过程中是很容易出现错误的。
因此推荐的做法是由程序启动时检查队列和交换机是否存在,如果不存在自动创建。
3.8.1.基本API
SpringAMQP提供了一个Queue类,用来创建队列:
SpringAMQP还提供了一个Exchange接口,来表示所有不同类型的交换机:
我们可以自己创建队列和交换机,不过SpringAMQP还提供了ExchangeBuilder来简化这个过程:
而在绑定队列和交换机时,则需要使用BindingBuilder来创建Binding对象:
3.8.2.fanout示例(基于Bean声明)
在consumer中创建一个类,声明队列和交换机:
java
package com.itheima.consumer.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
/**
* 声明交换机
* @return Fanout类型交换机
*/
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange("hmall.fanout");
}
/**
* 第1个队列
*/
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);
}
/**
* 第2个队列
*/
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange);
}
}
实际测试:
java
package com.itheima.consumer.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfiguration {
/**
* 声明fanout类型交换机
* @return
*/
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
// 两种声明方法都可以
// return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange("hmall.fanout2").build();
return new FanoutExchange("hmall.fanout2");
}
/**
* 声明默认持久化的fanout.queue3队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue3(){
// 两种声明方法都可以
// return QueueBuilder.durable("fanout.queue3").build();
return new Queue("fanout.queue3");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
* @param fanoutExchange
* @param fanoutQueue3
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding3(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange,Queue fanoutQueue3){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue3).to(fanoutExchange);
}
/**
* 声明默认持久化的fanout.queue4队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue4(){
// 两种声明方法都可以
return QueueBuilder.durable("fanout.queue4").build();
// return new Queue("fanout.queue4");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding4(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue4()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
3.8.2.direct示例(基于Bean声明)
direct模式由于要绑定多个KEY,会非常麻烦,每一个Key都要编写一个binding:
java
package com.itheima.consumer.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {
/**
* 声明交换机
* @return Direct类型交换机
*/
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("hmall.direct").build();
}
/**
* 第1个队列
*/
@Bean
public Queue directQueue1(){
return new Queue("direct.queue1");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue1WithRed(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange directExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(directExchange).with("red");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue1WithBlue(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange directExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(directExchange).with("blue");
}
/**
* 第2个队列
*/
@Bean
public Queue directQueue2(){
return new Queue("direct.queue2");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue2WithRed(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange directExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(directExchange).with("red");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue2WithYellow(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange directExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(directExchange).with("yellow");
}
}
3.8.4.基于注解声明
基于@Bean的方式声明队列和交换机比较麻烦,Spring还提供了基于注解方式来声明。
注意声明的文件是Listener下的,在监听者位置声明
例如,我们同样声明Direct模式的交换机和队列:
java
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red", "blue"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者1接收到direct.queue1的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red", "yellow"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者2接收到direct.queue2的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
是不是简单多了。
再试试Topic模式:
java
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者1接收到topic.queue1的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "#.news"
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者2接收到topic.queue2的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}